水分和铅胁迫下土壤中脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的变化  

Changes of Urease and Phosphatase Activities Under Water and Lead Stress

作　　者：周芙蓉[1] 王进鑫[1] 杨楠[1] 张青[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第5期229-234,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"耐旱树种对铅和节律性干旱双重胁迫的共存耐性与交叉适应机制"(31170579);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金课题"典型树种苗木对干旱及旱后复水的生理应激反应特征与机制研究"(20110204110009)

摘　　要：为探讨土壤重金属污染酶指示的可行性,通过对加入外源铅的塿土进行控水培养,研究塿土中脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的变化及其与土壤铅含量、土壤含水量和理化性质之间的关系。结果表明,土壤相对含水量为80%、60%时,土壤中的脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均增加;脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性随铅含量增加而呈下降趋势,当铅含量为2000 mg/kg时,2种酶活性分别仅为对照的43.7%、61.9%。通径分析表明:各因子对脲酶活性的直接作用顺序为:速效钾>有机质>铅>全氮>速效磷>pH>水分,对碱性磷酸酶活性的直接作用顺序为:铅>有机质>全氮>水分>pH>速效钾>速效磷。土壤速效钾对脲酶活性的直接影响较大,铅、有机质是影响碱性磷酸酶活性的主要因素。2种酶活性变化是铅、水分和土壤理化性质共同作用的结果,且碱性磷酸酶活性较脲酶活性更易受影响。The activities of urease and phosphatase in Lou soil were investigated and the relationships between the enzymatic activities and the contents of lead, water as well as soil properties were discussed through water-containment cultivation of Lou soil with added lead, in order to explore the feasibility that soil enzyme indicates soil heavy metal pollution. The results showed that, urease and phosphatase activities increased under 80%, 60%, decreased with lead content increasing, the two enzymatic activities were 43.7%, 61.9% against that in control respectively. Path analysis showed that, the sequence of factors based on their direct effect on urease activity is： available K 〉 organic matter 〉 lead 〉 total N 〉 available P 〉 pH 〉 water content, the sequence of factors on their direct effect on phosphatase activity is： organic matter 〉 lead 〉 total N 〉 water content 〉 pH 〉 available K 〉 available P, meaning that available K is the most important factor that affects urease activity and lead, organic matter are the most important factors for phosphatase. Soil enzymatic activities were affected by lead, water content and soil properties, however phosphatase activity was more vulnerable to than urease activity.

关 键 词：脲酶 碱性磷酸酶 铅 水分胁迫 土壤性质. 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]