盐穗木对盐渍荒漠区不同土壤水盐含量的适应机制研究  

Adaptation of Halostachys caspicato different soil salt and water contents in salted desert

作　　者：韩张雄[1,2,3,4] 李利[1] 徐新文[1] 魏轩[5] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]陕西省矿产资源勘查与综合利用重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [3]国土资源部西安矿产资源监督检测中心,陕西西安710054 [4]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [5]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第2期167-172,178,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BAC54B04)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同土壤盐分和水分含量条件下,盐渍生境中盐穗木(Halostachys caspica)体内水分、无机离子和有机渗透调节物质含量的变化特征。【方法】按土壤盐含量(土壤电导率)的不同,在新疆阜康荒漠生态站附近盐渍化荒漠区设置了样地1(土壤电导率为3.56mS/cm,土壤含水率为3.39%)、样地2(土壤电导率为7.39mS/cm,土壤含水率为11.34%)和样地3(土壤电导率为7.71mS/cm,土壤含水率为6.49%),对不同样地的土壤(0~60cm土层)及所生长的盐穗木进行采集,分析土壤的基本理化性质,同时测定植物样品中的含水率、无机盐离子及有机渗透调节物质含量等指标。【结果】3个样地中,土壤Na+、Cl-含量均较高,K+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量均较低,土壤均呈碱性,有机质含量较低。在同一样地中,盐穗木根、茎、叶中的Na+、Cl-含量较高,且均表现为叶>茎>根。而在同一部位,不同采样点Na+、Cl-含量总体表现为样地3>样地2>样地1。盐穗木地上和地下部分含水率与3个样地土壤含水率变化一致,即样地2显著高于样地3和样地1。样地3盐穗木地上和地下部分肉质化程度均最高,显著高于样地1和样地2。样地1和样地2盐穗木叶片可溶性糖含量显著高于样地3,脯氨酸含量的变化则与可溶性糖含量相反。【结论】在盐渍生境中,盐穗木受到水分与盐分的双重胁迫时会抑制其对盐分的吸收。盐穗木进行渗透调节时,在盐含量较低及水分含量充足的土壤中以合成可溶性糖为主,而随着盐胁迫的增加,土壤中盐含量较高且水分含量较低时,则以合成脯氨酸为主。在不同土壤盐含量和水分含量条件下,盐穗木抵抗盐胁迫的机制有明显差异。[Objective] In this paper,the organic ions,and soluble organic osmotica of up based on soil conductivity in the salinized effects of salt and water contents in soil on water content,in- Halostachys caspica were studied. [Method] 3 plots were set desert near Fukang Station of Desert Ecology. The plots were named plot 1 （soil conductivity is 3.56 mS/cm,and soil moisture is 3.39%）,plot 2 （soil conductivity is 7.39 mS/cm,and soil moisture is 11.34%） ,and plot 3 （soil conductivity is 7.71 mS/cm,and soil moisture is 6.49%）. The physical and chemical properties of soil samples （0--60 cm） were measured in the labora- tory of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences. The moisture content, inorganic ions,organic osmolytes content and other indicators of Halostachys caspica were determined as well. [Result] The contents of Na＋ and Ct- in soil were higher than K＋ ,Ca2＋ ,and Mg2＋ in all 3 plots. Soils in the 3 plots were alkaline. The organic matter content in the soil was low. At the same sampling point,the contents of Na＋ and C1- were higher in the roots,stems and leaves of H. caspica than other i ons. The contents of Na＋ and C1 in deferent parts of H. caspica were in a decreasing order of leaf~ stem^root. While at the same part of H. caspica,the contents of Na＋ and C1 among the 3 plots were in a decreasing order of plot 3 〉plot 2〉plot 1. The moisture contents in both ground and underground parts of H. caspica were consistent with soiI moistures i. e. plot 2 was significantly higher than plot 3 and plot 1. Succulence degrees of ground and underground parts of H. caspica in plot 3 were significantly higher than that of plot 1 and plot 2. Soluble sugar contents in the leaves of H. caspica in plot 1 and plot 2 were signifi- candy higher than that of plot 3,while proline contents were opposite. [Conclusion] Absorption of salt was inhibited when H. caspica suffered high salt and high water content stress. Soluble sugar was the main product in soil with low salt and

关 键 词：盐穗木 无机离子 有机渗透调节物质 盐渍荒漠区 

分 类 号：Q948.113[生物学—植物学]