油页岩固定床热解反应器中内构件强化作用  

Impact of internals on oil shale pyrolysis in fixed bed reactor

作　　者：李红娟[1,2] 张纯[1] 段正康[2] 武荣成[1] 许光文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院过程工程研究所,多相复杂系统国家重点实验室,北京100190 [2]湘潭大学化工学院,湘潭411105

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2014年第3期395-402,共8页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2014CB744303);国家自然科学基金(U1302273)

摘　　要：在内构件（传热板和中心集气管）外热式固定床反应器中研究了油页岩热解产物生成特性，并与无内构件的相同常规固定床反应器内的油页岩热解行为对比，考察了两反应器中油页岩升温特性、热解产物分布、页岩油品质以及气体产物组成的变化规律．结果表明，内置传热板和中心集气管显著强化了反应器内的传热，相对于无内构件常规固定床反应器，料层升温速率提高了约2倍．对于依兰油页岩，其热解页岩油产率明显提高，最高达11．1wt％（干燥基），明显高于无构件常规固定床反应器获得的页岩油产率．随着外加热炉温度的升高，内构件固定床反应器的页岩油产率逐渐增加，而无内构件常规固定床反应器的页岩油产率则明显降低．当外加热炉温度为1000~C时，前者页岩油产率是后者的2．3倍，并且内构件固定床反应器的热解水产率较低．两反应器中热解气产物组成相近，其H2与CH4之和占气体总量的70v01％左右，热值为4406~5400kcal／Nm3．Pyrolysis of oil shale was studied in a fixed bed reactor with internals consisting of a number of heat transfer enhancing plates and a pyrolysis gas collection channel in the bed center. Same experiment was also conducted in the reactor without internals for comparison. The pyrolysis characteristics were verified in terms of the heating rate of oil shale, products yield, quality of produced shale oil and pyrolysis gas composition. The results showed that the internals significantly enhanced the heat transferring of the material in reactor, improving the heating rate of the material around twice compared with the reactor without internals. Correspondingly, for Yilan oil shale, the pyrolysis oil （shale oil） yield was as high as 11.1% （db） in the reactor with internals, which was much higher than the case without internals. With increasing the furnace temperature, the shale oil yield gradually increased in the internals-enhanced reactor, whereas it was obviously decreased without internals. At a furnace temperature of 1000℃, the shale oil yield for the former reactor was 2.3 times of that for the latter, and the generated pyrolysis water was also lower for the former. The composition of the pyrolysis gas was similar for both the reactors, being rich in H2 and CH4 accounted for about 70 vol% of the total gas generated. The calorific value of the gas varied from 4406 to 5400 kcal/Nm3.

关 键 词：油页岩 热解 内构件 固定床 反应强化 传热强化 

分 类 号：TE966[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]