重庆市颗粒物中元素分布特征及来源分析  

Element distribution characteristics and source apportionment of atmospheric particles in Chongqing

作　　者：焦姣[1] 姬亚芹[1] 白志鹏[2] 任丽红[2] 周志恩[3] 赵雪艳[2] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300071 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]重庆市环境科学研究院,重庆401147

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2014年第3期60-66,共7页Environmental Pollution & Control

摘　　要：2012年在重庆市6个采样点采集PM10和PM2.5样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子光谱仪(ICP-OES)对样品中Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb共17种元素含量进行测定,在此基础上对各元素浓度分布特征进行分析,并采用富集因子法(以Al元素为参比元素)和主因子分析法定性分析其污染的主要来源。结果表明,除Al、Ca、Co外,其他与人类活动相关的各元素更容易富集于PM2.5上。Zn、As、Pb、Cd在PM10和PM2.5中极强富集,表明重庆市燃煤、城市交通、工业等污染严重。大渡口和沙坪坝站点PM10和PM2.5中各元素的污染程度相对偏高,南坪、缙云山、巴南、茶园4个采样点各元素的污染程度相对偏低。主因子分析结果表明,土壤尘、建筑尘、燃煤工业尘、道路尘是重庆市PM10和PM2.5的主要来源。PM10 and PM2.5 samples were collected at six sites throughout the year of 2012 in Chongqing. The concentrations of 17 elements： （Na, Mg, A1, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As ; Cd and Pb） in the samples were determined by ICP-MS and ICP-OES technique. Then the element characteristics of atmospheric particles were analyzed,the method of enrichment factors （with A1 as reference element） and principal component analysis （PCA） were applied to analyze the pollution level and pollution source. The evaluation results were as follows： except for A1, Ca and Co, the elements that related to human activities were easier enriched in PM2.5. The elements of Zn, As, Pb and Cd were presented at an extremely high level of enrichment degree. The high values of enrichment factor revealed that the pollution coming from fuel coal,urban traffic and industry was serious. By comparison,the pollution levels of ele- ments in the sampling sites of Dadukou and Shapingba were relatively high. While the pollution levels in the sampling sites of Nanping, Jinyunshan, Banan and Chayuan were relative lower. The main sources of elements in PM10 and PM2.5 were soil dust, construction dust, coal or industrial combustion and road dust by principal factor analysis.

关 键 词：颗粒物 富集因子 主因子分析 重庆市 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]