镉在硫化矿尾矿中的地球化学行为及其污染防治  

Cadmium's geochemical behavior in sulfide tailings and its pollution prevention

作　　者：莫斌吉[1,2] 雷良奇[1,2] 黄祥林[1,3] 赵蛟彬 徐沛斌[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学地球科学学院,广西桂林541004 [2]广西地质工程中心重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [3]广西壮族自治区区域地质调查研究院,广西桂林541003

出　　处：《有色金属（矿山部分）》2014年第2期34-38,共5页NONFERROUS METALS(Mining Section）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41272394;40972220)

摘　　要：着重阐述了重金属镉在硫化矿尾矿中的赋存状态及迁移富集机制,得知硫化矿尾矿的氧化作用释放一定的金属离子、SO42-和H+,是镉元素向环境迁移和扩散的主要原因。在强氧化条件下,镉主要呈可迁移和可交换的离子态,而且极易溶解于水,会给环境带来极大的污染威胁。针对镉的地球化学特征及污染机理,阻止硫化物氧化及加入碱性材料,可从源头上预防和控制酸水及重金属的排放。可采用固液分离、铁氧体、生物修复以及在尾矿污染源的下源修建渗透反应栅等方法,将镉污染物拦截清理,从而使其可以安全排放,保护矿山环境。This paper focuses on Cadmium＇s occurrence in sulfide tailings and its migration and enrichment mechanism. It＇s considered that the oxidation of sulfide release the metal ions, SO4^2- and H^＋ , which becomes the main reason of the cadmium elements transferring and spreading to the environment. Under the condition of strong oxidation, the main ionic state of cadmium can be transferable and exchangeable, and they can easily dissolve in wa- ter and bring great pollution threat to the environment. Based on the geochemical characteristics and pollution mech- anism of cadmium, it＇s known that preventing oxidation of sulfide and adding alkaline materials can prevent and con- trol the release of the acid water and heavy metal from the source. We can use the methods such as solid-liquid sepa- ration process, ferrite method, biological repair method and building permeable reactive barriers on the lower edge of the tailings pollution plume. With these methods, we can intercept and clean up the cadmium pollution so as to make it discharged safely and protects the mine environment.

关 键 词：硫化矿尾矿 化学形态 迁移富集 污染防治 镉污染 

分 类 号：TD167[矿业工程—矿山地质测量]