刺五加体细胞胚发生过程中几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶活性变化  

Changes of activities of chitinase and glucanase in Eleutherococcus senticosus during somatic embryogenesis

作　　者：胡盈[1] 赵晓妮[1] 孙凤阳[1] 刘弈佳 陶雷[1] 卢宏[1] 由香玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生命科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]东北林业大学园林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《经济林研究》2014年第1期81-86,共6页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(DL13BA10))

摘　　要：植物体细胞胚发生是一种胁迫响应。为了探讨几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶这2种防御性酶在刺五加体细胞胚发生过程中的功能，研究了从刺五加胚性愈伤组织到成熟子叶体细胞胚形成过程中，内切和外切几丁质酶活性、β-1，3-葡聚糖含量及其酶活性的变化规律。结果表明：胚性愈伤组织培养0～14d时（即从胚性愈伤组织到球形体细胞胚形成时期），外切几丁质酶活性和β-1，3-葡聚糖含量及其酶活性都有显著增加，到第14天均达到各自的最大值，外切几丁质酶活性（94．45μg·g^-1h^-1）、β-1，3-葡聚糖含量（61．43μg·g^-1）及其酶活性（40．23U·g^-1）分别是胚性愈伤组织中的1．61、2．81、2．53倍；而后，随着体细胞胚的发育成熟，它们都呈下降趋势。而内切几丁质酶的活性在整个体细胞胚形成期（0～35d），持续呈递增趋势，直到第35天达到最大。由此初步推测：外切几丁质酶和β-1，3-葡聚糖及其酶对刺五加体细胞胚的形成起着较关键的作用。Plant somatic embryogenesis is a response to stress. In order to research the functions of two kinds of defensive enzymes of chitinase and glucanase during somatic embryogenesis of Eleutherococcus senticosus, changes of endochitinase activity, exo-chitinase activity, β-1,3-glucan content and β-1,3-glucanase activity were researched during somatic embryogenesis of E. senticosus from embryogenic callus to mature cotyledons somatic embryos. The results show that during embryogenic callus culture for 0-14 d, which is the stage of globular somatic embryogenesis, exo- chitinase activity, β-1,3-glucanase activity and β-1,3-glucan content are significantly increased. On the 14th day, all of the three indexes reach the maximum value, exo-chitinase activity （94.45 μg·g^-1h^-1）, β-1,3-glucan content （61.43 μg·g^-1） and β-1,3-glucanase activity （40.23 U·g^-1） are 1.61, 2.81, 2.53 times of those in embryonic callus. Then, with development and maturation of somatic embryos, they tend to be decreased. During the whole period （0-35 d） of somatic embryogenesis, endo-chitinase activity shows a steadily increasing trend until it reaches the maximum value on the 35th day. So, exo- chitinase, β-1,3-glucan and β-1, 3-glucanase play the critical roles during somatic embryogenesis in E. senticosus.

关 键 词：刺五加 体细胞胚发生 几丁质酶活性 β-1 3-葡聚糖酶活性 

分 类 号：S685.21[农业科学—观赏园艺] S718.46[农业科学—园艺学]