论先秦道家的境界与修养  

On the State of Being and Cultivation of the Taoist School in the Pre-Qin Period

作　　者：任明艳[1] 李凯[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学哲学系,重庆北碚400715

出　　处：《四川职业技术学院学报》2014年第1期46-49,共4页Journal of Sichuan Vocational and Technical College

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"孟子伦理思想与列维纳斯伦理学之比较研究"(项目编号:12CZX057)的阶级性成果

摘　　要：先秦道家依其觉解程度的不同可划分为冯友兰先生所谓"人生四境界":老子、庄子皆追求与超世俗的大道相融合,属天地境界,达致这样的境界须通过"为道日损"、"心斋"、"坐忘"等修养工夫;宋钘、尹文汲汲救世,志在社会和谐,属道德境界,"情欲寡浅"是其修养工夫;杨朱营营谋求养生小利,属功利境界;《列子·杨朱篇》的作者以及田骈、慎到丧失精神追求,成为只剩生理欲望的动物性存在,属自然境界;自杨朱而下的人生境界不需修养而成,而是堕落而致的。According to the different understanding degree, the states of being of the Pre-Qin Period couldbe divided into alleged four types whichMrFengYoulancalled the four realms of life. Lao Ziand Zhuang Zi both pursue the amalgamationwith the sacred tan. So their state of beingbelongs to cosmic state of being, which could be reached by these training methods such as ＂Weidaorisun＂, ＂Xinzhai＂and ＂Zuowang＂. Song Xingand Yin Wen areanxious to save common people and aim at social harmony. So their state of being belongs to moral state of being, which could be reached by ＂Qingyuguaqian＂. Yang Zhu is anxious to strive for the wealth of health maintenance and his state of beingbelongstoutilitarianstate ofbeing. The author ofYangZhu inLieh-tzu, TianPianandShenDao tosemental seekingandtheybecomebeings ofanimalitywhoonlyhavephysiologicalappetite. So their state of being belongs to natural state of being. Descent from Yang Zhu, the accomplishment of their stateofbeingneednot cultivate andduetodegeneration.

关 键 词：先秦道家 境界 修养 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]