清末民国中国乡村义务教育供给的制度分析与启示  

Analysis on China's Supply System of Rural Compulsory Education in Late Qing and Republic of China

作　　者：杨卫安[1] 邬志辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地东北师范大学农村教育研究所,吉林长春130024

出　　处：《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2014年第2期100-106,121,共8页Journal of Educational Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：2013年教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“城镇化背景下我国义务教育改革和发展机制研究”[13JZD043];全国教育科学“十二五”规划2013年度教育部青年专项课题“农村义务教育阶段不合格教师退出机制与保障政策研究”[EFA130384]

摘　　要：清末民国时期义务教育在乡村的推行不力与供给制度安排有密切关系。由于内忧外患等主客观原因,政府缺乏在乡村大力普及义务教育的动力和物质基础,不得不把发展乡村义务教育的责任转嫁给民间社会。乡村传统士绅阶层的衰落和分化不仅使原来乡村的教育供给结构遭到破坏,而且导致新式教育的推行成为一种可以赢利的事业,也阻碍了义务教育的发展。乡村民众既缺乏接受新式教育的意愿,也缺乏接受新式教育的能力,造成新旧教育的碰撞交锋,新式教育发展缓慢。这些因素共同决定了清末民国时期乡村义务教育的推行失败,其中的经验教训及体现出的制度设计原理,对当前所进行的城乡教育一体化制度建设具有重大的启示意义。The implementation of rural compulsory education is not successful in late Qing and Republic of China, this is closely related to the supply system. Because some subjective and objective reasons such as domestic trouble and foreign invasion, the government is lack of motivation and the material basis for promoting the compulsory education in ru- ral areas, has to push the responsibility of rural compulsory education development onto the folk society. The fading and differentiation of traditional rural gentry not only makes original rural education supply structure destroyed, resulting in the decline of rural education, but also makes the implementation of new education become a profitable business, hindering the development of compulsory education. Rural people both lack the intention and ability to accept new education, which cause a collision between the old and the new education. These factors together determine the implementation of rural corn- pulsory education in late Qing and Republic of China come to failure, the experiences and lessons has significance of great inspiration for integrating urban and rural education.

关 键 词：清末民国 乡村义务教育 供给制度 制度分析 

分 类 号：G649.22[文化科学—高等教育学]