1978—2007年三大棉区陆地棉品种特性比较分析  

Comparison of the Characters of Varieties in Upland Cotton in Three Main Growing Areas During 1978 to 2007

作　　者：焦光婧[1] 孙君灵[1] 何守朴[1] 杨晓东[1,2] 余学科[1] 杜雄明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000 [2]中棉种业科技股份有限公司,郑州450001

出　　处：《农学学报》2014年第2期1-6,33,共7页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：农作物种质资源保护项目"棉花种质资源收集;编目及繁种入库"(NB2013-2130135);转基因生物新品种培育重大专项"转基因棉花中试示范"(2012ZX08013007)

摘　　要：研究1978—2007年间中国长江流域、黄河流域和西北内陆三大棉区审定推广的陆地棉品种遗传性状变化特点。以《中国棉花品种志(1978—2007)》及品种审定公告为数据源,利用SAS8.0统计软件对839份陆地棉品种的14个主要农艺经济性状进行方差和变化规律分析。纤维长度、衣分、生育期、马克隆值、单铃重等性状在不同棉区不同品种间差异小,稳定性好,枯黄萎病抗性、叶色和种植密度在各棉区品种间变化差异均很大。西北内陆棉区品种的枯、黄萎病抗性最好,长江流域棉区品种的枯、黄萎病抗性最差,种植密度大小表现为西北内陆棉区>黄河流域棉区>长江流域棉区,纤维比强度强弱表现为西北内陆棉区>长江流域棉区>黄河流域棉区,且相同棉区不同品种间变化差异较大;每公顷皮棉产量高低表现为西北内陆棉区>长江流域棉区>黄河流域棉区。西北内陆棉区特别是新疆棉区有利于发展优质棉,长江流域棉区应加强抗病品种的培育,生态环境差异较大的棉区之间不宜相互引种。The study of database constructed based on the Flora of Cotton Varieties in China （1978-2007） and official variety registration announcement. This database collected 839 cotton varieties （Gossypium birsutum） with 14 agronomic trait such as growth period, plant height, sympodial branch nod, boll weight, lint percentage, lint yield and fiber quality, which authorized and promoted in Yangtze River, Yellow River and Northwestern inland cotton production zone. The statistical analysis demonstrated that the difference of fiber length, lint percentage, growth period, micronaire and boll weight was not significant among varieties in three major cotton production zones; but the difference of fusarium wilt resistance, verticillium wilt resistance, leaf color and planting density was significant. Varieties with highest fusarium wilt resistance and verticillium wilt resistance of varieties were from Northwestern production zone, and the lowest were from Yangtze River production zone. The planting density was highest in Northwestern zone, followed by Yellow River zone and Yangtze River zone; the fiber strength was highest in Northwestern zone, followed by Yangtze River zone and Yellow River zone, and the different varieties presented significant difference in the same production zone. The fiber yield showed the same law as fiber strength. This study suggested that varieties with good fiber quality were more suitabledeveloped in northwestern cotton production zone, especially in Xinjiang Province, and more disease resistant varieties should be developed in Yangtze River cotton production zone.

关 键 词：陆地棉 性状 棉区 品种 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]