具有单向替代性的双寡头厂商Nash均衡从业战略模型  

A Nash Equilibrium Model of Business Strategy of Duopoly with One-way Substitutability

作　　者：陈圻[1] 任娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学经济与管理学院,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《系统工程》2014年第1期70-76,共7页Systems Engineering

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点资助项目(11AGL001);国家自然科学基金资助项目(79860007)

摘　　要：描述和解释从业战略分类和一般性质的数理模型引入战略研究领域,在差异化战略基本假设基础上构造了差异性和成本不对称、且产品单向替代的双寡头厂商的Nash均衡模型,导出了成本领先战略的可能性和必要条件(产量条件)、差异化战略的必要条件(推广的波特溢价条件和单位利润条件)等基本定理和推论。研究表明,成本领先战略是内生的;成本领先和差异化战略的关键特性分别是相对产量领先和高单位利润;低成本差异化兼具两种优势。以上结论首次给出了对波特从业战略分类的数理证明,同时澄清了其中的错误观念,为战略类型的划分及其基本性质界定以及进一步实证研究提供了初步理论背景。This paper introduces a theoretical model to describe and explain typology and general characteristics of business strategies. It constitutes a Nash equilibrium model of the duopolistic firms with the asymmetry of the differences, costs and one-way substitutability based on differentiation strategy assumptions, deduces major theorems and their inferences, that are possibility and necessary condition （quantity condition） of cost leadership strategy, necessary condition of differentiation strategy （generalized Porter premium condition and unit profit condition） Research shows that cost leadership strategy is endogenous, and that the key characteristics of cost leadership and differentiation strategy are quantity leadership and high unit profit respectively; low-cost differentiation strategy possesses both dominant positions above. These conclusions provide mathematical support for types of Porter business strategy, clarify the previous wrong ideas in this field, provide theoretical background to sort business strategy and identify their basic properties, and to investigate empirically further in this field.

关 键 词：博弈论 从业战略 成本领先 差异化 混合战略 波特溢价条件 纳什均衡 

分 类 号：F406[经济管理—产业经济]