地震灾害避难场所的类型演变与防灾功能  

Type evolution of earthquake disaster refuge and corresponding disaster prevention function

作　　者：陈建伟[1,2] 宋小青[3] 苏幼坡[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河北联合大学建筑工程学院,河北唐山063009 [2]河北省地震工程研究中心,河北唐山063009 [3]河北联合大学,河北唐山063009

出　　处：《世界地震工程》2014年第1期57-61,共5页World Earthquake Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2009BAJ28B04-02B;2011BAK07B01-04)

摘　　要：我国地震防灾避难所的发展沿革是露宿→窝棚→简易房、帐篷→过渡安置房。重大地震灾害应急救援的实践表明,露宿是最危险的避难方式;窝棚有最基本的防灾功能;简易房和帐篷具备基本生活条件;汶川大地震后兴建的彩钢过渡安置房是我国中长期避难场所的一个重要里程碑。避难场所发展规划可对各城市普及性地规划建设避难场所起到重要的推动作用。随着我国城市建筑抗震设防水准的逐步提高,将出现开放型与封闭型避难场所并存的状况。The type of earthquake disaster refuge goes through four periods, such as sleep in the open, sheds, shel- ters, tents and transitional shelter. The emergency relief practice shows that sleep in the open is the most dangerous refuge, the sheds have the basic function of disaster prevention, shelters and tents have the basic conditions of life. Wenchuan earthquake represents a landmark in the process of transitional shelter. Shelter development planning plays an important role of shelter popularity. With the increase of city building seismic fortification level, the situa- tion of coexistence for open and closed shelter condition will come.

关 键 词：地震灾害 避难场所 功能 类型 教训 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学] X43[天文地球—固体地球物理学]