热解温度对畜禽粪便制备的生物质炭性质的影响  

Characterization of poultry and swine manure-derived biochar as affected by pyrolysis temperature.

作　　者：王立华[1] 林琦[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境工程系,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（理学版）》2014年第2期185-190,共6页Journal of Zhejiang University（Science Edition）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.40771101,41371320);浙江省留学回国人员基金资助项目(J20110115)

摘　　要：以猪粪和鸡粪为原料，研究了热解温度（200-700℃）对生物质炭物理和化学性质的影响．结果表明，生物质炭的得率随着热解温度的升高逐渐降低，猪粪生物质炭的得率较鸡粪高；猪粪和鸡粪生物质炭的灰分含量分别为41．2％～70．6％和20．3％～48．1％．生物质炭均为中性或碱性，300～700℃热解所制备的生物质炭的pH值不仅与灰分合量有关，还可能与Ca含量密切相关．红外光谱表明，低温热解条件下（≤300℃）生物质炭中的含氧官能团与原材料相比无明显变化；但是当热解温度高于400℃时，生物质炭中的含氧官能团明显减少．生物质炭中的矿质元素含量均随着热解温度的升高而增大，猪粪生物质炭的富集倍数平均为1．04～1．65，鸡粪生物质炭为1．08～2．26．此外，猪粪K、Cu、Zn的挥发损失较鸡粪少，300-700℃热解鸡粪中K的挥发损失达30％；700℃热解，鸡粪Cu、Zn挥发损失达14．02％和21．70％．这些结果为畜禽固废制备生物质炭提供了重要的参考依据，为畜禽固废的资源化利用提供了新的思路。Biochar application to soils is being considered as a means to sequester carbon （C） while concurrently im- prove soil functions. In this study, the source materials including swine manure and poultry manure were pyrolysed in a temperature-controlled muffle furnace at the temperature of 200, 300, 400, 500, 700℃ and the physicochemi- cal properties such as yield, ash content, pH, functional groups and mineral contents were studied. The results showed that the yields of biochars decreased and the ash contents increased with the increase of pyrolysis tempera- ture. Swine manure had relatively high yields （59.2%-92.7%） and ash contents （41.2% -70.6%） as compared to the poultry manure which had yields of 90.2%-39.8% and ash contents of 20.3%~48.1%. Both kinds of bio-chars are neutral or alkaline. The pH values of biochars were positively related to both total ash content and Calcium （Ca） content. The FTIR showed that the oxygen functional groups of biochars prepared at the lower temperatures （-300） changed little compared with that of the feedstock, but decreased significantly above 400℃. The mineral contents increased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, with the average enrichment factors of 1.04-1.65 for swine manure-derived biochars and 1.08-2.26 for poultry manure-derived biochars. Besides, swine manure had less K, Cu, Zn volatilization （412.63%, 5.04% and 9.41%, respectively） as compared to the poultry manure which had volatilization loss of more than 30% for K at the temperatures of 300-700℃ and 14.02% for Cu, 21. 70% for Zn at 700℃. This study provides important insights into the properties of biochars as affected by different pyrolysis temperature, which provides both technical supports for preparation of biochars and scientific guidance for alternative application of manures.

关 键 词：猪粪 鸡粪 生物质炭 物理化学性质 傅里叶变换红外光谱 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]