“文德治世”:宋代献文召试制度考述  

Governing the Country with Culture and Morals:The Special Examination in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：王丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学中国古代史研究中心,河南开封475001

出　　处：《河南大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第2期96-104,共9页Journal of Henan University(Social Sciences）

基　　金：河南省社科规划项目"北宋元丰改制前官员铨选机构研究"(2012BLS014)阶段性成果

摘　　要：召试是指宋代皇帝或皇帝指派其秘书机构、亲近臣僚对特殊人才进行的考试,召试合格者可以获得授官、除职、赐科名等优待。因进献诗赋文章而获得皇帝特旨召试的事例,称为"献文召试"。宋代献文召试所献之"文"包括家集、逸书、赋颂、诗词经义等类型。北宋前期,献文召试频繁举行,形成了一套严格规范的制度;宋神宗元丰改制后,献文召试明显减少。南宋初年,宋廷对北宋末年献文召试进行清算后,至南宋末年这种铨选形式几乎绝迹。宋代献文召试是一种选拔人才的方式,是"右文国策"的体现,也是特定时期君主特权与官僚特权相结合的产物。随着宋代科举、宗室、荫补等制度的发展与完善,献文召试最终消融于制度化的皇权之中。The special examination is what emperor assigned secretary agencies or ministers to exam to the individuals. Through the examination, candidates can become an officer through promotion. By offering poetry and culture to the emperor, candidates can get an opportunity to the exam. Provision of culture includes autobiography books and poetry. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the special examination was held frequently, and there were a standardized system. After the Yuanfeng reform the special examination was decreased. To the Southern Song Dynasty, the special examination is almost extinct. The special examination is a manifestation of national policy of emphasis on culture, and it is the product of royal prerogative combined to bureaucratic privileges. With the development and improvement of the Song Dynasty＇s imperial examination system, the clan system and the bureaucracy system the special examination is almost extinct.

关 键 词：宋代 献文召试 右文国策 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]