季节性放牧调控对草地植被的影响  

Effects of Seasonal Grazing Regulation on Grassland Vegetation

作　　者：买小虎[1] 张玉娟[2] 张英俊[2] 师尚礼[1] 黄顶[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,兰州730071 [2]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2014年第3期24-30,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项"不同区域草地承载力与家畜配置"(200903060);"牧区家庭牧场资源优化配置技术模式研究与示范"(201003019);"半干旱牧区天然打草场培育及利用技术研究与示范"(201303060);国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-35)

摘　　要：放牧是影响天然草地生态系统植被生长最主要的干扰因素之一,长期的放牧已经改变草地植被生物学特征,造成草地退化。于2010-2012年在河北坝上草原研究季节放牧压调控对草地植被生物学特征变化的影响。试验设计为2因素3水平的野外放牧试验,即:不同季节(春季、夏季、秋季)和放牧压(重度放牧、适度放牧、休牧),放牧家畜为蒙古绵羊。主要测定不同放牧季植被高度、盖度、地上生物量。研究结果表明:在自然条件下春季放牧处理对草地植被影响最为显著,而夏季和秋季实行重度放牧和适度放牧轮换对草地优势植物高度、盖度、生物量影响不显著;在整个放牧季中放牧处理连续重度放牧的植被高度和地上现存量最低,与适度放牧相比,重度放牧可使草地优势植株的高度、生物量分别下降31.0%和17.5%。放牧制度T1(春季禁牧,夏季重牧,秋季适牧)为最合理的季节性放牧调控措施,将为改善该地区草原牧草生物量、营养价值、以及草地的有效利用等方面发挥着重要作用。Grazing is significant factor impacting the vegetation growth of grassland ecosystems. Long-term grazing has changed the biological characteristics of grassland vegetation and led to grass- land degradation. Our study conducted in Guyuan Bashang grassland in Hebei from 2010 to 2012. Through the comparison experiments under different rotational grazing system, the effect of razing in- tensity, grazing system and grazing season on grassland plants characteristics was analyzed. Experi- ment employed a two-factorial at three levels design with three replicates：different seasons （spring, summer, autumn） and the grazing pressure （heavy grazing, moderate grazing,banninggrazing）. This experiment mainly measured aboveground biomass, height and coverage during different grazing sea- son. Rresults showed that：spring grazing treatment have the most significant influence on grassland vegetation; grazing intensity has a significant impact on plants on the pasture, and continuous heavy grazing treatment reached the lowest value of the height and above-ground biomass of plant communi- ty; the indexes including height, coverage, above-ground biomass of grassland plants, were not sig-nificantly influenced by heavy grazing and moderate grazing rotation between summer and autumn; above-ground biomass of plant community reduced with the increase of grazing intensity; heavy graz- ing decreased the height and the above-ground biomass of dominant plants by 31.0% and 17.5G re- spectively, compared with moderate grazing. Grazing system Tl（grazing prohibition in spring, heavy grazing in summer, moderate grazing in autumn）was the most reasonable seasonal grazing measure and play a significant role to improve the region grassland herbage biomass, nutritional value, and the effective utilization of the grass, etc.

关 键 词：季节放牧 放牧强度 植被高度 植被盖度 地上生物量 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]