青藏高原青稞及其他地区大麦种子表型的多样性分析  

Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Seed Traits in Barley Germplasm from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Other Regions

作　　者：王蕾[1,2] 徐金青[1,2] 夏腾飞[1,2] 赵兴 张怀刚[1] 刘登才[1,4] 白生贵 沈裕虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院高原生物适应与进化重点实验室,中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810001 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100039 [3]青海省湟中县草原站,青海湟中811600 [4]四川农业大学小麦研究所,四川温江611830

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2014年第3期40-44,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院西部行动计划项目(KZCX2-XB3-05);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KSCX2-EW-Q-23);青海省应用基础研究计划项目(2013-Z-724)

摘　　要：以青藏高原六棱裸大麦（即青稞）和其他地区大麦共323份种质为材料，探讨其种子长、宽、长宽比、面积、密度指标和千粒质量6个性状。结果显示，6个种子性状变异系数为5．68％～15．67％，多样性指数为1．83～2．07，表明参试材料种子表型变异大，具有丰富的表型多样性。除密度指标与种子面积间相关性不显著外，其余各性状间均呈极显著相关（P〈O．01）；主成分分析将所有参试材料的6个种子性状分为2个主成分，其累计贡献率为93．41％。在主成分分析的基础上采用最小方差法（ward’Smethod）对323份大麦材料进行系统聚类分析，可将其划分为4大类群，第I、Ⅱ类群主要是青稞农家品种和育成年份较早的品种，第Ⅲ类群主要是青稞现代育成品种和高代品系，第Ⅳ类群主要是青藏高原地区以外的二棱皮大麦。可见，在开展青稞种质资源内杂交的同时，不同棱形材料间杂交是改良青稞种子性状的有效途径之一。To explore choiceness Qingke germplasm for seed traits, 323 accessions of barley from Qinghai-Tibet plateau and other regions were evaluated for 6 seed traits （area, width, length, length/ width ration, FFD and thousand grain mass）. Their variation coefficient was between 5.68% and 15.67% and their phenotypic diversity index ranged from 1.83 to 2.07. These results showed that ob- vious genetic differences and extensive genetic diversity were presented among the barley germplasm. The correlation coefficient among 6 seed traits reached significant level except coefficient between area and FFD. By using principle component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis, tolal accessions of barley were analyzed with 6 seed traits. Two principle components were extracted, which contributed variance over 93.41 %. Based on principle components, Ward＇s method was used to analysis barley acces- sions, and they were clustered into 4 groups. Group 1 and 2 mainly consisted of Qingke landraces and cultivars bred in earlier years. Group 3 included Qingke cultivars bred in modern ages and variety se- ries. Accessions of group 4 were mainly two-rowed hull barley from other regions. The rearch results suggest that besides crossing in Qingke germplasm crossing between two-rowed and six-rowed barley will be an effective way to improve Qingke seed traits in Qingke breeding in future.

关 键 词：大麦 多样性 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学]