苹果园土壤养分变异及采样部位探讨  

Soil Nutrient Variation and Sampling Method in Apple Orchard

作　　者：王蒙[1] 柴小媛 安艳[1] 王旭东[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2014年第3期170-176,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金："十二五"科技支撑计划资助课题(2012BAD14B11);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2011KTDZ02-01-04)

摘　　要：果园土壤养分因变异大给土壤营养诊断带来一定的困难。为了明确果园土壤不同部位养分变异及其与叶片营养的关系，比较了距树干3种距离和3种土层深度的土壤养分变异，以及与叶片养分的相关性，从而揭示了果园土壤肥力的变异性，提出了适宜采样位置。结果表明，土壤全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、全磷、有效锌和有效铁在距树干100cm处的变异比50cm处大。土壤全钾的变异系数均较小。距树干75cm处，20～40cm土层样品的养分含量与苹果树叶片的养分含量关系较密切，且养分的变异系数相对较小，建议此区域为果园土壤的最佳采样区域。Great variation of orchard soil nutrient could result in some difficulties to soil nutrition di- agnosis. In order to clarify the nutrient variation of orchard soil and the correlation to apple leaves, soil samples of three distance from the trunk and three soil depth were collected to determine the soil nutrient variation and the correlation to leaf nutrients, which revealed the orchard soil fertility varia- bility and proposed appropriate sampling locations. The result showed that the variations of total N, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, total P, avail Zn and avail Fe at 100 cm from the stem were larger than that at 50 cm. Variation of soil total K was small. Nutrients of soil samples from 20--40 cm depth layer and 75 cm away from tree trunk were significantly associated with the nutrients of leaves and the vari- ation of soil nutrients was relatively small. Therefore, these points were recommended as the optimal sampling points in apple orchard to diagnose soil nutrients.

关 键 词：苹果园 土样采集 土壤养分变异 采样部位 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]