西安市PM2.5污染现状及其对健康的影响  

The contamination status of PM2.5 and its effect on health in Xi'an City

作　　者：杨宇轩[1] 闫思琪[1] 衣颖杰[1] 张喆[1] 聂雨晨[1] 郭坤[1] 于燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学院,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《国外医学（医学地理分册）》2014年第1期13-16,22,共5页Foreign Medical Sciences：Section of Medgeography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.81273051);2013年国家级大学生创新训练项目(No.201310698066)

摘　　要：目的为了监测西安市大气中PM2.5污染状况与主要疾病的死亡率的关系。方珐采用网格式布点,分别在西安市东(碑林区)、南(雁塔区)、西(莲湖区)、北(未央区)四个城区及一个对照区(长安区),在采集采暖季及非采暖季西安市大气中PM2.5样本,采用增量法检测PM2.5污染状况。检索西安市主要疾病近年发病率资料和相应年份的PM2.5监测数据,进行相关分析。结果西安市PM2.5浓度在采暖季(358.22±173.52)μg/m^3显著高于非采暖季(195.53±172.83)μg/m^3,且采暖季PM2.5超标率亦明显高于非采暖季,分别为95.61%和70.21%。采暖季As污染(178.94±44.99)ng/m^3明显高于非采暖季(104.80±42.49)ng/m^3,Pb污染无明显季节性变化,分别为(214.5士150.96)ng/m^3和(209.62±50.02)ng/m^3,但与2011年采暖季比较,2012年采暖季Pb、As污染明显加重,分别为(258.46±62.56)ng/m^3、(178.94±44.99)ng/m^3和(214.5±150.96)ng/m^3、(142.39±31.26)ng/m^3。检索2004年1月1日至2011年12月31目的每日居民死亡人数(包括总死亡人数和疾病别死亡人数)与西安市2004年至2012年PM2.5浓度监测结果,相关性分析显示,COPD、下呼吸道感染、冠心病、中风的死亡率均呈上升趋势.且与PM2.5浓度存在一定的相关性,但无统计学差异(P>O.05)。结论西安市采暖季PM2.5污染浓度显著高于非采暖季;PM2.5的污染加剧是西安市居民心血管系统和呼吸系统疾病的死亡率升高的原因之一。Objective To explore the contamination status of PM2.5 and its association with the morality caused by major diseases in Xi＇an City. Methods The methods of grid stationing was applied to collect the PM2.5 samples in the heating and non-heating seasons in 4 urban districts of Xi＇an, including East （Beilin District）, South （Yanta District）, West （Lianhu District）, North （Weiyang District）, and a control district （Changan District）. The contamination status of PM2.5 was detected with incremental method. The incidences of major diseases and monitoring data of PM2.5 in the corresponding years were reviewed, and their correlation was analyzed. Results The concentration of PM2.5 in the heating season （358.22±173.52）μg/m3 was significantly higher than that in the non-heating season （195. 53 ± 172. 83）μg/m3. The over standard rate in the heating season （95. 61%） was significantly higher than that in the non-heating season （70.21%）. Arsenic （As） pollution in the heating season （ 178.94± 44.99） ng/m3 was significantly higher than that in the non-heating season （ 104.80 ± 42.49 ） ng/m3 . Lead （Pb） pollution had no obvious seasonal change, which was （214.5 ± 150.96） ng/m3 and （209.62 ± 50.02） ng/m3 , respectively. The Pb and As pollution in 2012 （258.46±62.56）ng/m3 , （178.94±44.99）ng/m3） was significantly higher than that in 2011 （ 214.50 ± 150.96 ） ng/m3 , （ 142.39 ± 31.26 ） ng/m3 ）. The association between data including the total death toll and the death toll caused by different diseases during Jan. 1, 2004 to Dec. 31, 2011 and PM2.5 status was analyzed, showing that the mortalities of COPD, lower respiratory infections, coronary heart disease and stroke were on the rise, and there was correlation between the concentration of PM2.5 and the mortality of these diseases, but with no statistical difference （P〉0.05）. Conclusions The concentration of PM2.5 in the heatingseason is significantly higher than that in the non-heating

关 键 词：西安市 PM2 5 疾病 相关分析 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]