西汉初年徭役制度——由张家山汉简《奏谳书》“毋忧案”说起  

The Corvee System in the Early Years of Western Han Dynasty——Bringing up by the Bamboo Slips“Wuyou Case” in ZHANG Jiashan's Zou Yan Shu

作　　者：万荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,江西南昌330022

出　　处：《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2014年第1期113-121,共9页Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年基金项目"张家山汉简<奏谳书>与秦汉相关问题研究"(编号:10YJC770084);江西师范大学青年成长基金项目"西汉初期法律文书格式与诉讼程序研究"

摘　　要：张家山汉简《奏谳书》毋忧案记载西汉初年蛮夷男子毋忧因徭屯问题受到起诉并因乏军兴被腰斩。西汉初"徭"是不包括屯戍在内的狭义徭役,仅指劳役而言,屯戍是兵役。服兵役者统称为正卒,"一岁屯戍"即"一岁以为卫士","一岁力役"即"一岁而以为材官骑士";普通劳役者为更卒,其中践更指亲自服役,包括在本县服役与到外地服役两类,过更是出钱雇人代自己服役。如淳所言更三品"卒更"、"践更"、"过更"实际上只有两品——"践更"与"过更"。西汉初无爵士伍傅籍年龄为二十岁,二十三岁转入正卒,只至免老才能免于徭役和兵役。＂Wuyou Case＂in ZHANG Jiashan’s bamboo slips Zou Yan Shu records a case about a man in the early years of Western Han Dynasty,who is accused and sentenced to death on a corvee issue. In the early Western Han Dynasty,the＂Yao＂only means forced labor. Garrison means military service. The man who serves in the army is called Zhengzu. Garrison for one year means being a solider for one year,and forced labor for one year means being a director of construction and knight for one year; those normal laborers are called Gengzu. The meaning of ＂Jiangeng＂is the person who is on active service in person,which includes serving here and getting to the other places on active service,while ＂Guogeng＂means the people who employ others to participate in corvee. The type of geng only includes Jiangeng and Guogeng. In the early Western Han Dynasty,the age to serve corvee is at 20 years old,and the age to serve in garrisons is at 23 years old. Until the period of Mianlao, people can be free of corvee and garrison.

关 键 词：奏谳书 屯戍 正卒 践更 过更 

分 类 号：K234.1[历史地理—历史学]