脱毒蓖麻粕对奶牛瘤胃发酵和营养物质消化的影响  

Effect of detoxified castor bean meal on rumen fermentation and apparent nutrient digestibility of dairy cows

作　　者：任春燕[1,2] 卜登攀[2] 王加启[2] 程建波[2] 李吉楠[2] 赵圃毅 刘威[2] 王超[2] 李发弟[1] 董淑慧[2] 赵海燕[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2014年第1期15-20,共6页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD12B02-05)

摘　　要：选取48头泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛,按照产奶量、胎次、泌乳日龄相近原则,随机分为4组,每组12头,分别饲喂4种不同日粮,在基础日粮中分别添加0%、2.5%、5.0%、7.5%的DCBM,研究饲粮中添加脱毒蓖麻粕(DCBM)对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵指标和营养物质消化率的影响.结果表明:与对照组相比饲喂2.5%和5.0%的DCBM使瘤胃液pH值有降低趋势,饲喂7.5%的DCBM,使pH值显著降低(P<0.05).5.0%试验组NH3-N浓度显著下降,其他组差异不显著(P>0.05).日粮中饲喂DCBM对瘤胃TVFA、乙酸、丙酸和戊酸无显著影响.5.0%试验组乙酸与丙酸之比值显著升高(P<0.05),其余3个剂量组无显著变化(P<0.05);添加不同比例DCBM后,各处理组干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)及酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的消化率显著降低(P<0.05).因此,在奶牛日粮中用7.5%以下的脱毒蓖麻粕替代饼粕作为蛋白质饲料,基本不会影响奶牛瘤胃发酵参数,但对营养物质消化率产生一定负面影响.Forty-eight Holstein cows at mid-lactation were assigned into 4 dietary treatments based on milk yield and parity and days in milk （DIM）,with 12 cows in each group.Concentration of DCBM was 0%（control group）,2.5%,5.0% and 7.5%,respectively.This study lasted for 10 weeks with 2-week of pre-liminary period and 8-week of trial period.The results showed that 2.5% and 5% dietary DCBM decreased＆amp;nbsp;pH of rumen fluid,7.5% dietary DCBM significantly decreased pH of rumen fluid （P〈0.05 ）.Adding 5.0% of DCBM in concentration had negative effect on NH 3-N composition compared to those in control groups （P〈0.05）,while NH 3-N compositions were not affected in other levels of DCBM addition （P〉0.05）.Levels of ruminal total volatile fatty acid （TVFA）,acetic acid,propionic acid and pentanoic acid were not affected by dietary DCBM （P〉0.05）.Acetic acid to propionic acid ratio was markedly higher in the group adding 5.0% into concentration than those in other groups （P〈0.05）.After adding different concentration of DCBM,digestibility of dry matter （DM）,organic matter （OM）,crude protein（CP）neutral detergent fiber （NDF）and acid detergent fiber （ADF）were significantly lower in the control groups than those in other groups （P〈0.05）.The results of this study suggest that substitution of soybean meal by DCBM in diet which concentration lower than7.5% has slight effects on rumen fermentative parameters of lactating cows,however,DCBM has negative effects on nutrition digestibility.

关 键 词：奶牛 脱毒蓖麻粕 瘤胃发酵参数 营养物质消化率 

分 类 号：S823.91[农业科学—畜牧学]