基于碳汇生产理念下的县南沟流域退耕还林工程实施效果评价  

Evaluation on Sloping Land Conversion Program in Xiannangou Watershed Based on the Concept of Carbon Sink

作　　者：顾文[1,2] 赵阿丽 徐健[4] 王继军[1,5] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]烟台市水利建筑勘察设计院,山东烟台264000 [3]陕西省引汉济渭工程协调领导小组办公室,西安710032 [4]中国石油长庆油田分公司,西安710018 [5]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2014年第2期144-151,157,共9页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国清洁发展机制基金赠款项目"黄土高原退耕区农户低碳生产模式与政策研究"(2012027);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目"黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持与高效农业关键技术集成与示范"(2011BAD31B05)

摘　　要：县南沟流域是黄土高原的典型退耕区,退耕还林工程改变了其土地利用结构,从而对流域碳汇量及碳汇生产格局产生了重大影响。该文以此为切入点,根据各种土地利用类型特点,采用相应模型估算出县南沟流域1999—2012年林地、草地、园地、耕地和建设用地的碳汇量与碳源量,通过分析流域碳汇的变化,对退耕还林工程实施效果进行评价,以期为退耕还林工程评估方法的完善提供支撑。结果表明:退耕还林工程显著增加了碳汇量,使农户成为实际的碳汇生产者;林地是主要的碳汇用地,林地固碳量随林地面积增加增长迅速;耕地固碳量在耕地面积减少的情况下通过耕作方式和种植结构的改变维持稳定;不同区位、不同退耕力度形成土地利用结构差异,导致碳汇差异;实证结果同时表明,退耕林草地是CDM框架下主要碳汇生产来源,近期应注重提高退耕林质量,并减少农业生产中的化肥用量、增施有机肥。通过建立碳交易机制,将碳汇商品化,可进一步提高退耕还林工程效应,稳固退耕还林工程成果。Sloping Land Conversion Program （SLCP） has changed the land use structure which had a significant impact on the pattern of carbon sink from a typical watershed on the Loess Plateau. To evaluate the effect of the SLCP, various methods were used to calculate the quantity of carbon sources and sinks of woodland, grassland, orchard, cultivated land, and construction land in Xiannangou Watershed. The results showed that the SLCP has increased carbon sinks of the watershed significantly and farmers became the pro ducer of carbon sinks. Woodland is the main land-use type of carbon sink. The carbon sink of woodland increased rapidly with the increase of woodland area. The carbon sinks of cultivated lands maintain stable in the case of the decrease of cultivated land by the change of the farming and planting structure. Location and the degree of SLCP make the difference of land-use type, and then they make the diversity of carbon sinks. The empirical results show that at the same time, the sources of carbon sinks are woodland and grassland according to CDM. In order to increase the quantity of carbon sinks in Xiannangou Watershed, the application rates of chemical fertilizers should be reduced and the quality of woodland and application of organic fertilizer should be enhanced. The effect and stabilize the result of SLCP can be further improved through the establishment of a carbon trading mechanism and the commercialization of carbon sinks.

关 键 词：退耕还林工程 碳汇 土地利用 清洁发展机制 县南沟流域 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学] F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]