1990-2011年南天山地区冰川面积变化对气候的响应  

Response of Glacier Area Variation to Climate Change in Southern Tianshan Mountains Druing 1990-2011

作　　者：赵刚[1] 杨太保[1] 田洪阵[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院冰川与生态地理研究所,兰州730000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2014年第2期257-263,268,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271024)资助

摘　　要：利用Landsat TM/ETM+影像资料,通过遥感图像计算机自动解译和目视解译方法得到南天山地区1990年、2000年、2011年三期冰川边界,并应用GIS技术系统研究了南天山地区冰川近21a来的面积变化及其对气候的响应关系。结果表明:1990—2011年期间,南天山地区冰川面积变化了-13.2%。大规模冰川分解使得小规模冰川的总面积和条数均有所增加,朝西向的冰川退缩速率最大,为-15.9%。与1990—2000年时段对比发现,近10a来,海拔大于3 800m的冰川退缩速率加快。通过地面气象资料的分析发现,南天山地区的气温和降水均表现出增加趋势,海拔最高的巴音布鲁克站线性升温率为0.25℃/10a,降水增幅为1.2mm/a。与西风区其它现有研究对比,发现南天山地区冰川的强烈退缩可能主要受到气温升高的影响,降水的增加对其影响不大。此外,地形条件和冰川规模等都是影响冰川波动的重要因素。In this research, we mapped the glacier outlines from serial Landsat TM/ETM＋ images in southern Tianshan Mountains by applying computer interpretation and visual interpretation in 1990, 2000 and 2011. After constructing the glacier maps, the response of details of glaciers area variation to climate change in this region during the last 21 years were systematically analyzed by using GIS technology. The results showed that the glaciers had experienced a general shrinkage, the total glacier area decreased by 13.2% from 1990 to 2011 in this area. The total area and numbers of small glaciers increased due to the large glaciers; disintegra tion. West facing glaciers shrank most, decreased by 15.9 %. The glaciers above 3 800 m shrank faster in recent decade compared with that in the period 1990--2000. By analyzing the ground meteorological data, we found the air temperature and precipitation in the southern Tianshan Mountains showed an increasing trend. I.inear heating rate is 0.25℃/10 a and precipitation increase rate is 1.2 mm/a in the highest meteorological station Bayinbuluke. Finally, we found the intense shrinkage of glaciers area in southern Tianshan Mountains probably was driven by increasing temperature by making comparison with currently existed study from our research in westerlies zone, but the increasing precipitation contributed little to this trend. In addition, the topography and extent are significant factors on glacier fluctuation.

关 键 词：南天山 RS与GIS技术 冰川面积变化 气候变化 西风区 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]