原型的作用及本质再考——有关复合范畴的讨论  

Revisit of the Significance and Essence of Prototype Theory:A Discussion on the Issue of Combination Category

作　　者：李恒[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学外国语学院,北京100191

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2014年第2期40-44,共5页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(201122G005)

摘　　要：原型理论清算了经典范畴理论中众多与人类认知不符的概念,为范畴研究作出巨大贡献。但在其发展的40年里,学界对范畴原型的作用和本质始终聚讼不断。在对复合范畴原型文献进行重读后发现,批评者并没有认清原型理论的真正作用在于描述人们对范畴的外部判断而非解释范畴的心智加工,因此质疑不足以撼动其科学性。文章通过综述相关研究,厘清正反双方争论焦点,进一步提出应当将"原型"的本质定义为一系列具有权重的特征,而非单个原型实例。Prototype theory has made enormous contribution to the study of category in that it has settled many in- congruities between the classic theory of category and human cognition. In its 40 years＇ development, however, it has never been in lack of disputes, especially on the prototypicality of combination categories. After revisiting the lit- erature of prototype theory ,we find that previous criticisms failed to recognize that the genuine purpose of the theory consists in describing people＇ s external judgment of category rather than in explicating the mental processing of cat- egory, and hence failed to shake its scientific nature. With an overview of pertinent studies, the paper sheds light on the focus of the controversies from different parties and suggests that prototypicality should be defined as a summa- tion of features with different weights rather than a single prototypical example.

关 键 词：范畴 原型理论 复合范畴 语境 原型特征 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]