优质、矮紧型白梗同源四倍体不结球白菜的诱导及选育  

Induction and breeding of dwarf and tight white petiole autotetraploid non-heading Chinese cabbage with high quality

作　　者：韩业飞[1] 张蜀宁[1] 张宇[1] 侯喜林[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学l彩作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室/农业部南方蔬菜遗传改良重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2014年第2期15-20,共6页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑计划项目(BE2011313)

摘　　要：采用不同浓度的秋水仙素对二倍体不结球白菜(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis)子叶期生长点进行诱导,经过筛选鉴定,选育优质、矮紧型白梗同源四倍体不结球白菜。结果表明:2.0 mg·g-1秋水仙素处理6次获得的同源四倍体植株的加倍率最高,为7.02%。与二倍体相比,四倍体在营养体、气孔、花器、果实上均有显著差异,且株高降低、叶宽增加、叶柄长变短、展开度减小、叶色亮绿、株型束腰紧凑。四倍体的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量分别比二倍体显著提高11.14%、25.98%和11.70%。经两代选育,四倍体纯度达到100%,整齐度95%,小区产量比二倍体提高18.10%,具有良好的应用前景。Diploid plants of non-heading Chinese cabbage （ Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis ） were induced by treating the apical portion of seedlings with different solution of colchicine. After selecting and identification, dwarf and tight white petiole autotetraploid plants with high quality were selected and bred. The test result showed that treatment with 2.0 mg. g-1 for 6 times yielded doubled chromosomes at highest rates and doubling rate was 7.02%. Compared with diploid plants, autotetraploid plants had significant differences on vegetative mass, stoma, floral organ and silique, with the plant height reduced, the leaf width increased, the petiole shorter, the plant expansion degrees decreased, showing a compact plant type with bright green leaves. Compared with diploid plants, soluble sugar,protein and vitamin C of autoterploid plants contents were significantly increased by 11.14% ,25.98% and 11.70%. After two generations of breeding, the tetraploid pure degree was 100% and the uniformity was 95% , the yield of plot was increased by 18.10% more highly than the diploid,while it has good application prospects.

关 键 词：秋水仙素 不结球白菜 同源四倍体 选育 

分 类 号：S634.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]