泡沫灭火剂快速生物降解能力评估方法研究  

Study on Assessment Methods of Ready Biodegradability of Foam Extinguishing Agent

作　　者：张宪忠[1] 包志明[1] 傅学成[1] 胡英年[1] 

机构地区：[1]公安部天津消防研究所,天津300381

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2014年第2期68-72,共5页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题项目(2011BAK03B04)

摘　　要：泡沫灭火剂的广泛使用所带来的环境问题正日益受到关注,评估泡沫灭火剂的快速生物降解性能可以考察其对环境造成的影响。本文利用二氧化碳产生法试验和呼吸计量法试验,考察了泡沫灭火剂组分及典型泡沫灭火剂的快速生物降解性能。结果表明:采用二氧化碳产生法和呼吸计量法两种试验方法测定的十二烷基硫酸钠28d生物降解率分别为88.7%、86.9%,A类泡沫28d生物降解率分别为80.3%、90.8%,水成膜泡沫28d生物降解率分别为89.4%、85.1%,且两种方法所得的结果在判定泡沫灭火剂生物降解能力类别上是等效的;根据OECD生物降解性能判定标准,所测定的泡沫灭火剂组分十二烷基硫酸钠、A类泡沫和水成膜泡沫均为易生物降解物质,并从泡沫灭火剂配方组成角度解释了其易于降解的原因。As the public awareness of environment protection has grown up in recent years, the influence of fire extinguishing foams on the environment is a new focus. It is necessary to evaluate the biodegradation of fire extinguishing foams when they enter the environment. This paper investigates the biodegradability of the component and typical foam extinguishing agents by carbon dioxide evolution test and manometric res- pirometry test. The results show that through the above two methods, the 28 day biodegradation rate of reference compound sodium dodecyl sulfate is 88.70//oo and 86.9G respectively,class A foam is 80.3~/oo and 90.8G, and aqueous film-forming foam is 89.4G and 85.1G. These two methods are equivalent in the e- valuation of the biodegradation of foam extinguishing agents. According to the criterion, the foam extin- guishing agents tested in the paper are easy for biodegradation. The paper also explains the reasons for their easy biodegradation from the angle of the composition of the foam extinguishing agents.

关 键 词：泡沫灭火剂 生物降解 二氧化碳产生法试验 呼吸计量法试验 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TQ569[化学工程—炸药化工]