石油类污染的地下水取样方法对比  

Comparison of Sampling Methods on Groundwater Petroleum Pollution

作　　者：章爱卫 蔡五田[2] 王建增[2] 张敏[2] 刘雪松[2] 耿婷婷[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学环境学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心,河北保定071000

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2014年第2期109-113,120,共6页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(200911004)

摘　　要：以华北平原某石化厂地下水受石油污染物污染多年的场地为研究对象,以低流速气囊式采样泵(LFBP)所采集的地下水样为基准,通过取样试验对比研究了潜水泵、惯性泵和小提桶3种常规取样器对VOCs、SVOCs、BTEX、PAHs、TPH五类石油类污染物的取样结果,并进行了取样器适宜性分析。结果表明:针对VOCs、BTEX和TPH采集地下水样时,在无低流速取样器的前提下应优先选择惯性泵;针对SVOCs和PAHs采集地下水样时,只可采用LFBP取样方法;3种常规取样器因结构和原理不同造成水样来源不同(小提桶水样直接来自表层水,潜水泵水样混合了大量表层水,惯性泵水样主体为新鲜地层释水)以及污染物特性差异(溶解性、挥发性和被吸附性的差异)造成五类石油类污染物浓度不同,因此进行石油类污染的地下水采样时,应优先选择低流速取样方法,其次为惯性泵。The petroleum pollutants have polluted the groundwater for many years in an oil and chemical factory in North China Plain. With the water samples from low flow bladder pump （LFBP） for reference, this paper makes a comparative analysis on the sampling results of V（REs,SV（K;s,BTEX,PAHs and TPH. The samples are obtained by three kinds of conventional samplers： submersible pump ,inertia pump and small pail. The study shows that for getting the water samples for VOCs,BTEX and TPH,the inertia pump should be used if there is no choice of the low flow sampler;for getting the water samples for SV（X;s and PAHs,the low flow sampler must be used. The three kinds of conventional samplers lead to different sources of samples （the sample obtained by small pail is the surface water; the main part of the sample obtained by submersible pump is the surface water;and the main part of the sample obtained by inertia pump is the fresh formation water）, and the characteristics of the pollutants cause different concentrations. So, in collecting the groundwater samples polluted by petroleum pollutants, the LFBP sampling method is the first choice,and then, the inertia pump.

关 键 词：地下水 石油类污染 取样方法 

分 类 号：X830.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]