四川雅安地区13种凤仙花属植物花粉形态及其分类学意义  

Pollen Morphology and Its Relationship to Taxonomy of 13 Species in the Impatiens(Balsaminaceae)from Ya'an of Sichuan,China

作　　者：张硕[1] 高素萍[1] 张雪[1] 何海峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学风景园林学院,成都611130

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2014年第3期502-508,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：四川省科技计划(2012FZ0083)

摘　　要：采用扫描电镜观察了中国四川雅安地区13种凤仙花属植物的花粉形态,并对其花粉形态进行了主成分分析和聚类分析,基于孢粉学和SRAP聚类结果的比较,讨论不同孢粉学特征对分类结果的影响。结果显示:(1)雅安地区13种凤仙花属植物花粉粒均为中等大小,花粉粒形状从超扁到扁球形变化,花粉粒极面观形状从矩形和椭圆形到四边形、圆形、三角型变化,且只有湖北凤仙、峨眉凤仙和匙叶凤仙是三沟花粉粒,其余种均为四沟花粉粒;外壁纹饰仅扭萼凤仙和齿萼凤仙为细小网状,其余均为网状纹饰。(2)依据不同指标进行的孢粉学聚类均将13种凤仙花属植物划分为3个类群,而SRAP聚类结果则将13种凤仙花属植物划分为5个类群;不同孢粉学聚类结果的相似率只有30.77%。(3)孢粉学聚类并未与分子聚类显示严格的对应关系,以花粉大小和形状、外壁纹饰为指标进行的孢粉学分类与SRAP分类的相似率最高(69.23%)。研究认为,选择不同的花粉形态特征作指标对分类的准确性影响较大,花粉大小和形状、外壁纹饰这2个指标对凤仙花属植物分类具有意义,而萌发沟的特征则很难作为分类的依据,花粉形态特征在分类上有局限性;进行该属植物孢粉学分类需要选择有价值的分类指标,并结合形态学、分子生物学等综合研究。In this study we analyzed pollen morphology of the 13 species of Impatiens（Balsaminaceae）. We discussed the influence of different palynology characteristics to classification result of Impatiens by com- paring the analysis results of palynology and SRAP. We obtained the following results： （1）Pollen grains of 13 Impatiens species were medium-sized. Pollen shapes varied from peroblate to oblate. Polar view varied from rectangular over elliptic to quadrangular, dumbbell and triangular shape. Within the species investiga- ted, tricolpate pollen was observed in some species （I. pritzelii, I. spathulata, I. omeiana）. The rest of spe- cies have pollen grains with four apertures. In general,sexine ornamentation in 11 species was reticulate. I. dicentra and I. tortisepala had a microreticulate sexine ornamentation. （2）By palynology cluster, 13 species of Impatiens are divided into three groups. By SRAP cluster, 13 species of Impatiens are divided into five groups. The similarity among palynology cluster results is 30.77%. （3）Palynology characteristics were not always congruent with molecular traits used to distinguish among Impatiens. The palvnology cluster re-suits by using pollen size,shape and sexine ornamentation as indexes have the most similarity with that of molecular level（69.23%）. Palynology characteristics have a great effect on the accuracy of classification. For systematization of Impatiens, pollen grain size, shape and sexine ornamentation were meaningful index. The characteristics of aperture are difficult to be used as the basis of classification. Pollen morphological characteristics have limitations on the classification. The research suggests that palynology taxonomy of Impatiens asks for selecting valuable classification index. And we must integrate palynology with molecule and morphology when we classify Impatiens.

关 键 词：凤仙花属 孢粉学 SRAP 聚类 分类 

分 类 号：Q944.1[生物学—植物学] Q944.58