不同复垦方式煤矿排土场植物群落与土壤因子的关系  

Relationship between Plant Community and Soil Factors in Spoil Bank of Coal Mine under Different Reclamation Modes

作　　者：王同智[1,2] 薛焱[3] 包玉英[1] 屈永安[1] 齐云龙[1] 王海娟[1] 董明月[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010021 [2]内蒙古煤炭建设生态环境研究院,呼和浩特010021 [3]内蒙古科技大学包头医学院,内蒙古包头014060

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2014年第3期587-594,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC10B03-5);内蒙古科技计划项目(20110514;20100509)

摘　　要：选取6个样地,采用协同样方法采样,对内蒙古黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场与原始植被地的植物及土壤因子进行对比研究。结果表明:(1)通过TWINSPAN划分法得到8个植物群落,经DCA法分析核实,与TWINSPAN划分结果一致。(2)油松+蒙古冰草复垦模式比新疆杨+紫花苜蓿复垦模式生态适应性差,紫花苜蓿丧失优势种的地位而被拂子茅取代。(3)剔除频度小于5%,获得228×74的样方-物种原始数据矩阵,对11个环境因子测定,采取"前向选择"和"Monte Carlo检验"确定了7个代理变量,形成228×7的样方-环境因子数据矩阵,经DCCA分析群落分布、格局及组成主要受土壤有机质(第1轴)、土壤密度(第2轴)两因子影响;第1轴特征值0.895,贡献率58.7%,沿着第1轴群落依次从类型Ⅷ、Ⅶ、Ⅴ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ土壤有机质逐渐变大;第2轴特征值0.356,贡献率17.4%,沿着第2轴,群落Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ土壤密度依次变小。(4)排土场群落物种组成较原始群落简单,现有群落既未向复垦设计的方向发展,也未向原始植被方向演化。Six sample sites were selected. Samples were taken by quadrate method. There were the compara- tive study of plant community and soil factors in reclamation spoil bank, no reclamation spoil bank and the original vegetation. According to the effective important value, we obtained the original data matrix of 228 ×74 sample-specie and 228×ll sample-specie environmental factors. （1）8 plant communities were divided by TWINSPAN method. By analysis and verification of DCA. These results are consistent with those of TWINSPAN. （2）DCCA analysis showed that two factors of soil organic matter and soil density affected the plant community distribution, structure and composition. （3）In the process of community succession, Pop- ulus alba var. pyramidalis Bunge,Medicago sativa L. selected for reclamation had not been completely re-tained. Calamagrostis epigeios （L.） Roth became the dominant species. （4）Compared with the original community, the community species composition of spoil bank was simple. The existing communities are nei- ther the designed patterns nor the original structure of communities.

关 键 词：土地复垦 生态恢复 土壤因子 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]