过瘤胃胆碱对围产期奶牛生产性能及脂肪代谢的影响  

Effects of Rumen-Protected Choline on Performance and Fat Metabolism of Periparturient Dairy Cows

作　　者：刘翔[1] 曲永利[1] 刘立成[2] 王洋[1] 陶春卫 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院,大庆163319 [2]黑龙江省农垦科学院畜牧兽医研究所,哈尔滨150030 [3]北京亚禾营养高新技术有限责任公司,北京100085

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2014年第3期675-682,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家科技部支撑项目--东北农区奶牛规模化健康养殖生产技术集成和产业化示范(2012BAD12B05-01);黑龙江农垦总局项目--黑龙江垦区高产奶牛科学饲养与后备牛培育技术研究(HNK11A-08-01-02)

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究过瘤胃胆碱(RPC)对围产期奶牛生产性能及脂肪代谢的影响。试验采用单因素试验设计,选取60头胎次、年龄、上一胎次泌乳量和预产期相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为3组,每组20头,各组在基础饲粮中分别添加0、20、30 g/d的RPC。试验期74 d,产前14天开始至产后60天结束。结果表明:1)饲粮添加20和30 g/d RPC能够极显著提高产后45和60天的产奶量(P<0.01);饲粮添加30 g/d RPC能够显著或极显著提高产后部分时间点的乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳总固形物率和乳糖率(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)饲粮添加20和30 g/d RPC能够显著或极显著提高产后部分时间点的血浆中葡萄糖、低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯及总氨基酸的浓度(P<0.05或P<0.01),显著或极显著降低非酯化脂肪酸、β-羟丁酸、总胆固醇的浓度(P<0.05或P<0.01)。3)饲粮添加20和30 g/d RPC能够显著或极显著提高产后部分时间点血浆中胰岛素的浓度(P<0.05或P<0.01),显著或极显著降低血浆胰高血糖素及瘦素的浓度(P<0.05或P<0.01)。综合本试验结果得出,饲粮添加RPC能够缓解围产期奶牛的能量负平衡状态,调节奶牛体内的脂肪代谢,提高生产性能;围产期奶牛饲粮RPC适宜添加量为30 g/d。The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rumen-protected choline （ RPC） on perform-ance and fat metabolism of periparturient dairy cows. Sixty Holstein cows with similar parity, age, milk yield of the last parity and expected parturition date were randomly assigned to three groups with twenty cows in each group. Cows in different groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 20 and 30 g/d RPC, respectively. The experiment lasted for 74 days, which was from 14 days before parturition to 60 days after parturition. The results showed as follows： 1 ） dietary supplementation of RPC at 20 and 30 g/d significantly increased milk yield of cows at 45 and 60 days after parturition （ P〈0 . 05 or P〈0 . 01 ）; dietary supplementation of RPC at 30 g/d significantly increased the percentages of milk fat, milk protein, lactose and milk total solids at some time points after parturition （ P〈0 . 05 or P ＆lt;0 . 01 ） . 2 ） Dietary supplementation of RPC at 20 and 30 g/d significantly increased the concentrations of glucose, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride and total amino acids in plasma （P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01）, but significantly decreased the concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid,β-hydroxybutyrate and total cholesterol in plasma of cows at some time points after parturition （ P ＆lt;0 . 05 or P〈0 . 01 ） . 3 ） Dietary supplementation of RPC at 20 and 30 g/d significantly increased plasma insulin concen-tration （ P〈0 . 05 or P〈0 . 01 ） , but significantly decreased the concentrations of glucagon and leptin in plasma of cows at some time points after parturition （P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01）. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of RPC can alleviate negative energy balance, regulate fat metabolism, improve the performance of periparturi-ent dairy cows, and the optimal supplemental level of RPC for periparturient dairy cows is 30 g/d.

关 键 词：围产期奶牛 过瘤胃胆碱 生产性能 脂肪代谢 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学] S816.7[农业科学—畜牧兽医]