美国政府突发性危机事件新闻发布对传播学理论的实践——兼议对我国的启示  

Emergency News Release of US Government from the Perspective of Communication

作　　者：党芳莉[1] 黎婧[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学,上海200433

出　　处：《上海行政学院学报》2014年第2期97-106,共10页The Journal of Shanghai Administration Institute

基　　金：2011年教育部人文社会研究青年项目<全球化时代我国媒体的非洲移民报道与网络舆论研究>(11YJC860008)

摘　　要：美国政府在突发性危机事件的新闻发布方面积累了丰富的经验,尽管这一机制也有选择性地为其政治目的服务。一直以来,美国政府新闻办公室就很重视从传播学研究中吸收和借鉴相关的理论成果,并将其运用到具体的对媒体的操控中。白宫在新闻传播理论方面运用最广泛的是议程设置理论和把关人理论。本文从解析这两种经典的传播学理论出发,结合对"9·11"事件、"占领华尔街"和"飓风桑迪袭击美国"三个案例的分析,考察美国政府新闻发布如何达到控制舆论、提升政府形象、控制信息流的目的,最终探讨其对我国政府的启示。The government spokesman institution of the United States is somehow standardized, thus enjoying a sound strategy and skill on press releasing. Based on the text analysis of different eases on how US government deals with emergencies, the paper is about to offer some experimental conclusions on the governmental press release under emergencies.The paper points out that, from the perspective of communication, the US government has made a remarkable achievement on its press release pattern under emergencies. For one thing, the White house skillfully makes use of the ＂Agendasetting theory＂ to draw the attentions of both American media and its citizens, thus leading the public opinions as well as creating a better image of the government and American president himself. For another, the White house is also proficient in using the ＂Gatekeeper theory＂ to control the information flow to different extends, which will eventually make the situation serve the government＇s interest. At the last, the paper suggests that even though there are vast differences between China and US, especially regarding the institution and political circumstance, the strategic and technical measures which the US government has taken when facing emergencies are still worth learning and adapting, by our Chinese government through the communication views.

关 键 词：美国政府 突发性危机事件 新闻发布 议程设置 把关人 

分 类 号：G210[文化科学—新闻学]