厄尔尼诺与华中夏季低温  

ENSO AND THE LOWER TEMPERATURE IN HUAZHONG REGION IN SUMMER

作　　者：马乃孚[1] 杨景勋[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省气象科学研究所,湖北武汉430074 [2]武汉气象中心,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2000年第4期491-496,共6页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家九五攻关"短期气候预测系统"!(96-908-05-04)专题

摘　　要：根据华中地区１０个测站１９５１～１９９５年７～８月气温资料，采用ＥＯＦ、遥相关、合成分析等统计～天气气候学方法，研究了华中夏季温度变化同北太平洋ＳＳＴＡ场的相关结构及北半球５００ ｈｐａ高度场对海温异常的响应。具体描述了ＥＮＳＯ年和Ｌａｎｉｎａ年华中夏季温度距平的差异性。并通过分析冷夏年５００ ｈｐａ高度场的环流特点，探讨海～气间的可能联系及物理机制。结果表明：北太平洋海温与华中夏季温度存在较好的滞后相关关系。ＥＮＳＯ位相时，华中夏季温度偏低，易出现冷夏，拉尼娜年则相反，易出现酷暑。冷夏（酷暑）对应着赤道东太平洋正（负）ＳＳＴＡ，西太平洋副热带海域负（正）ＳＳＴＡ；反映了赤道东太平洋和热带西太平洋之间存在翘翘板效应。海温异常变化超前副高异常变化１～３个月。冷夏年副高主体偏东偏南。According to the mean temperature data in July and August of summer from ten observation stations in Huazhong region during 1951 to 1995, this paper dealed with the correlation structure of the summer temperature in Huazhong with SSTA in northern Pacific by the statistics -- weather and climate method of an empirical orthogonal function(EOF), teleconnection and competition analysis, ect. The monthly mean 500hpa geopotential height of the northern hemisphere responses to SSTA anomaly and the possible influence of physical processes by analysing the circulation character of 500hpa in cold summer is disscussed. It reveals the better lag connection relationship between the summer temperature in Huazhong and SSTA in northern Pacific. The obvious influence of summer temperature departure in Huazhong in ENSO years and in Lanina years is described. The results show that the cold summer usually occurs during ENSO episode, with positive SSTA in the equatorial eastern Pacific and negative SSTA in the western tonical Pacific. It reflects the seesaw relation between the equatorial eastern Pacific and the western tropical Pacific, and vice rersa. The position of subtropical high southward and eastward may lead to the cold summer in Huazhong.

关 键 词：海温异常 厄尔尼诺 夏季低温 华中地区 气候学 

分 类 号：P732[天文地球—海洋科学]