三沙湾海域水质周年变化分析与评价  

Annual analysis and evaluation of water quality in Sansha Bay,Fujian

作　　者：邵留[1] 于克锋[1] 吴海龙[1] 霍元子[1] 何青[1] 沈盎绿[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,水域环境生态上海高校工程研究中心,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2014年第2期228-237,共10页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金(12ZR1444900);上海市教委第五期重点学科(海洋生物学)(J50701);海洋公益性行业科研专项(201105023)

摘　　要：2009年5月至2010年5月对福建三沙湾海域进行了周年的布点采样,共设20个站位,8个航次,调查内容涵盖海域的营养盐及常见水质指标。结果表明:从季节变化上来看,三沙湾海域春季水质最好,各站位水质指标基本符合海水二类水质,营养级别为贫营养;夏季各站位水体无机氮含量较低,但水中活性磷酸盐浓度普遍高于0.045 mg/L,为氮限制潜在性富营养化水体;秋季各站位活性磷酸盐浓度和无机氮浓度普遍高于夏季,大部分站位活性磷酸盐浓度在0.06 mg/L以上,部分区域的无机氮含量甚至超过0.6 mg/L,为氮中等限制潜在性富营养化水体;冬季绝大多数站位的水质均满足海水三类水标准,水体营养级别为中度营养;从空间分布上来看,三都岛以西区域,网箱养殖大黄鱼等居多,水质较差,三都岛以东区域,海带养殖较多,水质较好。湾口区至湾顶部溶解氧呈下降趋势。In this research, the quality of water in Sansha Bay was analyzed and evaluated from May 2009 to May 2010, with 20 sampling stations, and 8 voyages. The results showed： In terms of seasonal change, the best seawater quality of Sansha Bay appeared in spring with a poor nutrient status and the tested indices were lower than the second-grade water quality criteria. The nitrogen concentration of Sansha Bay was very low in summer, while phosphate concentration was always higher than 0. 045 mg/L. The quality of water in Sansha Bay in summer was at the stage of nitrogen-limited potential eutrophication. The worst seawater quality of Sansha Bay appeared in autumn. During this period, phosphate concentration in most stations were higher than 0.06 mg/L and nitrogen concentration were higher than 0.6 mg/L in some areas, which were both much higher than those in summer. Water quality of Sansha Bay in autumn was at the stage of middling nitrogen- limited potential eutrophication. Tested indices showed that the seawater quality in winter, which was similar to that of spring, fitted the third-grade water quality criteria and was at the stage of middling nutrient level. In terms of the spatial distribution, poor water quality obviously appeared in the west region of Sandu Island because of its cage culture, and better water quality obviously appeared in the east region of Sandu Island because of its laminaria culture. Downtrend of DO could be found from bay mouth to bay top. Compared with bay mouth, lower conductivity and TSP （Total Suspended Particles） were found at bay top due to runoff from inland.

关 键 词：三沙湾 养殖区 富营养化 水质评价 

分 类 号：S912[农业科学—水产科学]