论“后劳教时代”我国轻罪制度的建构  

On the Construction of Misdemeanor System of China in the “Post-Reeducation through Labor” Era

作　　者：梅传强[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学,重庆401120

出　　处：《现代法学》2014年第2期30-41,共12页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"社会转型期群体性事件的心理疏导与犯罪防范对策研究"(11BFX104)

摘　　要：考察域外立法与司法,大多数国家都有比较成熟的轻罪制度体系,由于特殊的制度设计,轻罪制度在我国一直处于缺位状态。劳动教养制度的废止,为建构中国特色的轻罪制度提供了良好的契机。建构轻罪制度,不仅能够有效地解决当前我国司法实践中轻罪案件"案多人少"的资源配置难题,而且能够合理地弥合我国违法犯罪行为制裁体系中的结构性断层。轻罪制度的建构,需要转变"定性+定量"的入罪逻辑,消解"终身化"的犯罪评价,并在此基础上选择"只定性,不定量"的入罪模式。在轻罪行为的制裁上,对以往劳教对象进行分流处理,实现行政制裁与刑事制裁之间的有效衔接,同时,在轻罪案件的处理中坚持司法权的处遇根基。除此之外,还需探索与轻罪制度相配套的"轻罪速裁"、"程序分流"、"前科消灭"及"轻缓处遇"等制度,以期在实体与程序的双向支撑下实现轻罪制度的建构与运行。Investigations on foreign legislation and judiciary come to the conclusion that most countries have relatively mature misdemeanor system. Due to the particular system layout, misdemeanor system in China has been in vacant state. Abolition of reeducationthrough-labor system provides an excellent opportunity to the construction of misdemeanor system with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, construction of misdemeanor system in this context can effectively resolve the resource allocation problems in the current judicial practice, but also reasonably bridge the structural chasm in the system of criminal act sanctions. Construction of misdemeanor system needs to transform the incriminating logic of being qualitative plus quantitative and dispel the lifelong crime evaluation and on this basis, select the incriminating mode of being qualitative, not quantitative. On the sanctions of misdemeanor acts, previous reeducation-through-labor objects should be distributed to achieve effective convergence between administrative and criminal sanctions. Meanwhile, judicial power as the treatment base should be insisted in handling misdemeanor cases. In addition, it is needed to explore other systems as supplements, including system of misdemeanor speedy trial, distribution, criminal record elimination and miti- gation of dispositions, thus constructing and operating misdemeanor system under the two-way support of entity and program.

关 键 词：后劳教时代 轻罪制度 轻罪速裁 前科消灭 程序分流 

分 类 号：DF611[政治法律—刑法学]