1997-2012年重庆市九龙坡区甲乙类肠道传染病流行趋势分析  

Epidemiological features of type A and B intestinal infectious diseases in Jiulongpo district of Chongqing in 1997-2012

作　　者：谭学筠 李南[1] 汤成[1] 梁艳[1] 邓世敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市九龙坡区疾病预防控制中心,重庆400039

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2014年第2期91-95,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：重庆市卫生局2012年医学科研计划项目(2012-2-453);九龙坡区2012年科技项目(2012-1)

摘　　要：目的了解重庆市九龙坡区甲乙类肠道传染病的流行趋势和特点，为制定防制策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析1997—2012年九龙坡区法定报告的甲乙类肠道传染病三间分布特点，并比较分析各种疾病的变化情况；率的比较采用双侧χ^2=检验，P〈0．05为差异有统计学意义。结果甲乙类肠道传染病年均发病率155．79／10万，占甲乙类传染病总数的37．13％，死亡率0．02／10万。主要病种痢疾占80．97％；甲型肝炎占11．56％。发病时间集中在7～9月，占34．58％；城区高于农村，城乡发病率比例为2．21：1，差异有统计学意义（χ^2=1791．98，P〈0．01）；人群分布：0～4岁散居儿童占25．37％，20～49岁青壮年占38．32％，男女性发病率之比为1．16：1，差异有统计学意义（χ^2=106．93，P〈0．01）。结论甲乙类肠道传染病发病率总体呈下降趋势，痢疾是肠道传染病疫情的主要病种，今后应进一步加强健康教育、饮水和食品监管等综合防制工作。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of type A and B intestinal infectious diseases from 1997 to 2012 in Jiulongpo district of Chongqing. Methods A descriptive epidemiological meth- od was used to analyze the features of type A and type B intestinal infectious diseases. Chi-square test was ap plied for data analysis. Results The average annual incidence of type A and type B intestinal infectious disea- ses was 155.79 per 100 000 population, which accounted for 37.13%0 of the total reported cases. The mortali ty rate was 0.02 per 100 000. The most common disease was found to be bacteria dysentery accounting for 80.97% of cases, while, hepatitis A only accounted for 11.56%. 34.58% cases appeared in July to Septem- ber. The number of patients from rural areas was significantly higher than those from urban areas with the ratio of 2.21 ： 1 （χ^2= =1 791.98, P〈0.01）. A quarter of patients were children aged 0 4 years and 38.32% cases were adults aged 20-49 years. The ratio of male to female cases was 1.16 ： 1 and the difference was statistically significant （χ^2= =106.93, P〈0.01）. Conclusion The overall incidence of type A and type B intestinal in- fectious diseases in Jiulongpo district shows a downward trend from 1997 to 2012. Bacteria dysentery is still the major infectious disease needed to be effectively controlled.

关 键 词：传染病 肠道 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R181.81[医药卫生—流行病学]