氮肥施用时期对棉花产量效益与氮肥利用率的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Time on Yield, Economic Profit and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Cotton

作　　者：吴茂前[1] 刘冬碧[1] 熊桂云[1] 余延丰[1] 范先鹏[1] 张富林[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2013年第24期5999-6002,共4页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD15B01);湖北省农业科技创新项目(2011-620-003-03-05);国际植物营养研究所项目(IPNI-HB-41)

摘　　要：采用田间小区试验研究了氮肥施用时期对江汉平原棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L.)产量、经济效益与氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,在240 kg/hm2的施氮水平下,综合考虑棉花产量、经济效益、氮肥当季表观利用率以及土壤中硝态氮累积等各种因素,得到氮肥最佳施用时期为40%基肥+15%苗肥+15%花蕾肥+30%花铃肥,此时子棉产量为5 038 kg/hm2,比对照不施氮增产79.5%、增收15 622元/hm2,氮肥当季表观利用率为52.9%;在施氮量不变的条件下,将施氮次数减少为2次,对棉花的产量和收益影响不显著,但棉株吸氮量和氮肥当季表观利用率随施氮次数的减少而明显降低。The study was carried out to investigate effects of nitrogen fertilizer application time on yield,economic profit and nitrogen use efficiency of cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） in Jianghan plain with a field experiment.The results showed that with a nitrogen application rate of 240 kg/hm2 and taking cotton yield,economic profit,apparent recovery efficiency of applied N and the accumulation of NO3-N in soil into consideration,the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application time on cotton was recommended to be ＂40％ base fertilizer ＋ 15％ seedling fertilizer ＋15％ bud-flower fertilizer ＋ 30％ flower-boll fertilizer＂,at which seed cotton yield was 5 038 kg/hm2,79.5％ higher and an economic profit of 15 622 yuan/hm2 compared with CK （no nitrogen fertilizer application treatment）.The apparent recovery efficiency of applied N was 52.9％.Under the amount of applied N and if the equivalent N fertilizer was dressed for 2 times,cotton yield and the economic profit were not significantly affected,but nitrogen uptake of cotton plant and the apparent recovery efficiency of applied N decreased significantly.

关 键 词：棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L ) 产量 经济效益 氮肥施用时期 氮肥表观利用率 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S147.23