良心自由及其入宪——基于宪法文本的比较研究  

Freedom of Conscience and into the Constitution: A Comparative Study Based on the Constitutional Text

作　　者：陈斯彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]华侨大学,副教授泉州362021

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2014年第3期58-65,84,共9页Zhejiang Social Sciences

摘　　要：统计各国宪法文本可以看出,良心自由是现代社会的基本人权。现代国家宪法普遍规定了良心自由,并作为不可克减的权利。在各国宪法文本中,良心自由具有狭义和广义两种意思。前者仅包括宗教之外的信仰,后者包括宗教和世俗的信仰。不少国家宪法在一个条款中同时规定了宗教、良心和思想自由,可以用广义的良心自由来概括之。未规定良心自由的国家普遍采取了一定的补救措施,典型的如美国扩大解释宗教自由以吸收良心自由,但这具有明显的局限。中国宪法第36条规定的宗教自由较之其他国家更加局限,修宪确立良心自由条款是合适的办法。The constitutional texts of all countries show that the freedom of conscience is the basic human right of modern society. The constitution of modern state generally regulates the freedom of conscience,and considers it as one non-derogable right. In the constitutional texts of all countries,the freedom of conscience has both narrow and broad senses. The former one only refers to the non-religious faith,the latter one includes religious and secular beliefs. Some national constitutions regulate the freedom of religion,conscience and thoughts in one article,which can be summarized as generalized freedom of conscience. The countries,which do not regulate the freedom of conscience,adopt certain remedial measures,e.g.,the United States expands the meaning of freedom of religion to absorb the freedom of conscience,however,it has obvious limitations. The freedom of religion regulated in the thirty-sixth article of Chinese Constitution has more limitations than other countries,and amending the Constitution to establish the article about the freedom of conscience is a proper method.

关 键 词：良心自由 宗教 宗教自由 

分 类 号：D911[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]