A new structurally preserved fern rhizome of Osmundaceae(Filicales) Ashicaulis wangii sp.nov.from the Jurassic of western Liaoning and its significances for palaeobiogeography and evolution  

作　　者：TIAN Ning WANG YongDong ZHANG Wu JIANG ZiKun 

机构地区：[1]College of Palaeontology,Shenyang Normal University [2]State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences [3]Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences [4]Shenyang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Ministry of Land and Resources [5]Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

出　　处：《Science China Earth Sciences》2014年第4期671-681,共11页中国科学（地球科学英文版）

基　　金：jointly supported by State Key Programme of Basic Research of Ministry of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.2012CB822003);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41272010,41302004&40972008);the Innovation Project of CAS(Grant No.KZCX-2-YW-154);the Team Program of Scientific Innovation and Interdisciplinary Cooperation of CAS;the State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,CAS)(Grant No.133113);Science Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Education Department(Grant No.L2012391);the Doctoral Fund of Shenyang Normal University

摘　　要：Permineralized osmundaceous rhizome with anatomical and phylogenetic information plays a significant role in understanding the origin,evolution,and diversity variation of the fern family Osmundaceae in geological history.The northern Hebei and western Liaoning region is one of the most important fossil localities for the Jurassic osmundaceous rhizome fossils in the Northern Hemisphere;however,the diversity character of osmundaceous rhizome fossil remains poorly known.A new structurally preserved fern rhizome species,Ashicaulis wangii sp.nov.,is described from the Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation in Beipiao City,Liaoning Province,northeastern China.The rhizome is composed of heterogeneous pith,an ectophloic–dictyoxylic siphonostele,a two–layered cortex,and a mantle of adventitious roots and petiole bases.The xylem cylinder,with complete leaf gaps,consists of 15–17 xylem strands.The petiole base is characterized by a heterogeneous sclerotic ring and numerous sclerenchyma masses in the petiolar cortex.Among five known Ashicaulis species with heterogeneous sclerotic ring,four of them are documented from China.Therefore,osmundaceous rhizome fossils from China show endemic anatomical characteristics and significances for palaeobiogeography.Comparisons of anatomical features suggest that A.wangii sp.nov.bears close similarities to Osmunda pluma Miller from the Paleocene of Dakota,USA.Fossil species of A.wangii provides new evidence for further understanding the species diversity of osmundaceous rhizome fossil in China and in the Northern Hemisphere,and contributes to exploring the macroevolution process of the Mesozoic osmundaceous plants.Permineralized osmundaceous rhizome with anatomical and phylogenetic information plays a significant role in understanding the origin, evolution, and diversity variation of the fern family Osmundaceae in geological history. The northern Hebei and western Liaoning region is one of the most important fossil localities for the Jurassic osmundaceous rhizome fossils in the Northern Hemisphere; however, the diversity character of osmundaceous rhizome fossil remains poorly known. A new struc- turally preserved fern rhizome species, Ashicaulis wangii sp. nov., is described from the Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation in Beipiao City, Liaoning Province, northeastern China. The rhizome is composed of heterogeneous pith, an ecto- phloic-dictyoxylic siphonostele, a two-layered cortex, and a mantle of adventitious roots and petiole bases. The xylem cylin- der, with complete leaf gaps, consists of 15-17 xylem strands. The petiole base is characterized by a heterogeneous sclerotic ring and numerous sclerenchyma masses in the petiolar cortex. Among five known Ashicaulis species with heterogeneous sclerotic ring, four of them are documented from China. Therefore, osmundaceous rhizome fossils from China show endemic anatomical characteristics and significances for palaeobiogeography. Comparisons of anatomical features suggest that A. wangii sp. nov. bears close similarities to Osmunda pluma Miller from the Paleocene of Dakota, USA. Fossil species of A. wangii provides new evidence for further understanding the species diversity of osmundaceous rhizome fossil in China and in the Northern Hemisphere, and contributes to exploring the macroevolution process of the Mesozoic osmundaceous plants.

关 键 词：OSMUNDACEAE petrified rhizome Ashicaulis anatomical structure Middle Jurassic western Liaoning 

分 类 号：Q915[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]