清远麻鸡蛋壳厚度与气孔特性对出雏效果的影响研究  

Effects of Eggshell Thickness and Pore Characteristics of Qingyuan Partridge Chickens on the Hatching

作　　者：陈希萍[1] 景栋林[1] 于辉[1] 张正芬 邝智祥 

机构地区：[1]佛山科学技术学院,广东佛山528000 [2]广东天农食品有限公司,广东清远511500

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2014年第7期85-88,共4页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金：广东省教育部产学研结合项目(2012B091000093);广东省科技厅项目(2011A020201007;2012A020603016)

摘　　要：试验旨在研究清远麻鸡胚蛋的蛋壳厚度和气孔特性对胚胎生长发育的影响。采用千分尺和DT2000图像分析软件系统分别测定和分析40周龄清远麻鸡鲜蛋36枚和不同孵化时期(6、10、18 d和21 d)的活胚蛋和死胚蛋(各40枚)的蛋壳厚度、气孔密度和气孔面积,并将试验中不同孵化时期的全部活胚蛋和全部死胚蛋分成两组对比分析。结果表明:随着孵化时间的延长,蛋壳厚度明显变薄(P<0.05);鲜蛋、活胚蛋与死胚蛋的蛋壳钝端气孔密度明显高于中部和锐端(P<0.05),10、18 d和21 d 3组活胚蛋钝端的气孔密度显著高于死胚蛋(P<0.05),说明钝端气孔密度在胚胎发育过程中尤其是中后期起着重要作用;全部活胚蛋的钝端、中部、锐端以及平均气孔密度值均明显高于死胚蛋(P<0.05),18 d和21 d活胚蛋的平均气孔密度值亦显著高于死胚蛋(P<0.05);不同气孔的面积差异很大;随着孵化时间的延长,蛋壳气孔有明显变大的趋势;虽然活胚蛋的气孔较死胚蛋的大,但各类型胚蛋的气孔面积差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,气孔密度主要影响孵化后期胚胎的生存,较高的气孔密度对获得高孵化率和优质雏鸡具有重要作用。This experiment aimed to study the influences of eggshell thickness and pore characteristics of Qingyaan Partridge Chickens （QPC） on embryo growth and development. Micrometers and DT2000 image analysis software were used to measure and analyse the eggshell thicknesses, pore densities and pore sizes of 36 fresh eggs of 40 weeks old QPC, 40 live embryo eggs and 40 dead embryo eggs in each incubation period （6 d, 10 d, 18 d and 2l d）, and then all live embryo eggs and all dead embryo eggs in the trial were compared. The results indicated that with the extension of incubation time, the eggshell thickness was significantly thinner （P〈O.05）. The eggshell pore densities of the fresh eggs, the live embryo eggs and the dead embryo eggs in the blunt end were observably higher than the middle of eggs and the sharp end （P〈O.05）, and the pore densities in the blunt end of the live embryo eggs at 10 d, 18 d and 21 d of incubation were also obviously higher than the dead embryo eggs （P〈0.05）. Therefore, the eggshell pore densities in the blunt played a vital role in the process of embryonic growth, especially in the middle and later periods. The pore densities of the entire live embryo eggs in the blunt end, the middle and the sharp end and the overall pore density were significantly higher than the dead embryo eggs （P〈0.05）, and the pore densities of the live embryo eggs at 18 d and 21 d of incubation were also significantly higher than the dead embryo eggs （P〈0.05）. The differences among different pore sizes were very obxious. As the incubation time, the pores were evidently larger. Although the pores of the live embryo eggs were bigger than the dead embryo eggs, there was no significant difference in pore size between different types of embryo eggs （P〉O.05）. The results suggested that the eggshell pore density mainly impacted on embryo＇s survival in later hatching periods, higher pore density had great influence on high hatchabilitv and high qua}itv chicks.

关 键 词：蛋壳厚度 气孔密度 气孔面积 胚胎生存 清远麻鸡 

分 类 号：S831.3[农业科学—畜牧学]