历史语境主义地理学编史思想述要——以罗伯特·梅休地理学史研究为例  

Summarizing the Thought of Historical Contextualism Historiography of Geography:Talking from Prof.Robert J.Mayhew

作　　者：孙俊[1,2] 贾星客[2] 潘玉君[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院,云南昆明650500 [2]云南师范大学社会发展学院,云南昆明650500 [3]云南师范大学教育部民族教育信息化重点实验室,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2014年第1期136-147,共12页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"中国20世纪初叶以来地理思想研究"(40761001);"云南少数民族地理:空间结构;地理观念和人地关系预警研究"(41261033);国家哲学社会科学基金项目"云南省义务教育均衡发展监测与评价研究"(BHA100058);科技部创新方法工作项目"地理学方法"(2007FY140800)资助成果

摘　　要：以英国地理学史家罗伯特·梅休为代表的历史语境主义地理学编史方法对于消解当前地理学史中的"辉格"史倾向,尤其是中国地理学史研究具有重要参考价值。历史语境主义地理学编史方法思想来源于以昆廷·斯金纳为代表的"剑桥学派"政治思想史研究方法,强调地理学本身发展的地方性、时代性,主张近代地理学史的研究不应是与现代地理学有着直线进化关系的"本质主义"、"实证主义"及其"辉格"倾向,而应是非体制化学术事业的、渗透着(西方)商业文化和人文主义教育的知识形态。历史语境主义对于地理学史研究的启示在于:应在公正性和对称性原则基础上,将地理学史视为不同地方、不同时代的地理学知识形态史,保持不同知识形态的地理学纳入叙事框架的合法性,避免强纲领叙事模式;同时应承认地理学史研究的相对性和建构性,在非强制性原则下建构的"进步"地理学史是可以接受的。historical contextualism historiography of geography （HCHG）, which is emphasized by England historian of geography Robert J. Mayhew, is helpful to change the trend of ＂whiggish histo- riography＂ in geography. According to Mayhew＇s state and his works, he drew on the ideas from so --called ＂Cambridge school＂ scholars such as Michael Oakeshott and Quentin Skinner etc, and the aim is to think how to write the histories of geographies, rather than history of geography. Both of May- hew and Charles W. J. Withers insist geography is so different in different places sand different times, which implies we should to avoid an inevitable or progressive ＂essentialist＂ historiography which postulating what geography is as a science ＂in essence＂, and constructing geography＇s history in this light. For much the reason, James and Martin＇s All Possible Worlds： a history of geograph- ical ideas, which makes a deeply influence to Chinese geographers is an ＇ essentialist＇ historiography else. In the view of HCHG, most of writings of Chinese geographies are whiggish history, what stat- ed in these writings is ＂western or Anglophone geography in China＂, instead of ＂Chinese geography＂, and the exception is Dynastic Geography which emphasized the Dynastic tradition rather than ＂scien- tific＂ tradition in Chinese ancient geography. Discussed results are given to show that： depended on both impartiality and symmetry principles, history of geography should be seemed as a history of all forms of geographical knowledge in different places in the past, so that they are legal in narrative frame, and keeping a necessary tension.

关 键 词：罗伯特·梅休 历史语境主义 渊源与要义 地理学编史学 

分 类 号：K90[历史地理—人文地理学]