徐水县北楼村漕河地裂缝形成机理及其演化  

Formation mechanism and evolution of the Caohe River earth fissure in the Bailou Village of Xushui County

作　　者：杨为民[1,2] 张永双[1,2] 黄晓[2,3] 邱占林[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]国土资源部新构造运动与地质灾害重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,北京100081 [3]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《水文地质工程地质》2014年第2期122-128,共7页Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑课题(2011BAK12B09);河北省交通厅项目

摘　　要：依据现场调查、工程探测和室内测试分析,探讨了徐水县北楼村漕河地裂缝的形成机理和演化过程。北楼村漕河地裂缝沿河道发育,属张性拉裂缝,呈现逐年向上游、下游扩展的趋势。地裂缝的发生主要是由当地超量开采地下水引起的。特别是农田灌溉机井的大量抽水,使第四系松散层地下水水位急剧下降,水力坡度加大,含水砂层发生渗透变形,砂层被淘空,导致漕河两侧地表沉降。而相比于河道两侧,河道内地表沉降量小,致使河道中心土体中产生次生拉张应力,形成地裂缝。因而,有必要进一步研究地裂缝的灾害效应,为地裂缝灾害的预测防治提供科学依据。On the basis of field investigation, engineering exploration and lab test analysis, the formation mechanism and evolution of the Caohe River earth fissure in the Bailou Village of Xushui County are discussed in the paper. The earth fissure is a tensile fissure along the course of the Caohe River. It has a tendency of extending upstream and downstream from year by year. Generation of the earth fissure is due to groundwater over-exploitation in the locality. Especially, withdrawal of a large number pumping wells for farm irrigation has caused groundwater levels in the Quaternary aquifers to lower, the hydraulic gradient to increase, and the aquifer-sand layer to deform due to seepage and washing. The over-exploitation has resulted in land subsidence on both sides of the Caohe River. Compared with the land settlement of both sides of the river, the settlement of riverbed is the smaller. These have caused the soil mass of the riverbed to produce secondary tensile stress and develop to become an earth fissure. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the damage effect of earth fissure and provides scientific basis for the forecast and prevention of the earth fissure.

关 键 词：地裂缝 地下水开采 地表沉降 拉应力 漕河 

分 类 号：P642.26[天文地球—工程地质学]