原核CRISPR-Cas系统的结构功能及应用  

Function and Organization of CRISPR-Cas Systems and Application in Biotechnology

作　　者：冯红[1] 董阁[1] 雍彬[2] 李维[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院生物资源与生态教育部重点实验室,四川成都610064 [2]四川师范大学生命科学学院,四川成都610066

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第2期268-281,140,共14页Journal of Sichuan Normal University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31171204)资助项目

摘　　要：CRISPR-Cas系统是新近在原核生物中发现的一种抵御外来DNA入侵的免疫机制,由一个成簇规则间隔的短回文重复序列(CRISPR)和附属的蛋白质(Cas)组成,广泛分布于真细菌和古菌中.CRISPR由重复序列及其间隔序列组成,间隔序列来自于过去的入侵DNA,并插入到细菌的CRISPR排列中.一旦出现新的入侵,CRISPR转录,其RNA经过加工后与Cas蛋白质组成一个核蛋白复合体,该复合体通过RNA与入侵DNA序列之间的互补配对,结合目标序列,最后Cas蛋白质将入侵DNA降解.此外,基于CRISPR系统中的Cas9蛋白,发展了一种新的基因组编辑技术,在不同的细胞中均能获得高效的基因定点打靶,展现出巨大的潜力.The CRISPR-Cas is a recently discovered immune system in prokaryotes to defense the invading foreign DNA elements, which is composed of CRISPR （clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats） and Cas proteins （CRISPR association pro- teins）. A CRISPR consists of genomic clusters of short repeats flanking by unique spacer sequences. The spacer sequences are taken up from the invader and integrated into the b#cterial CRISPR array. Once a new infection takes place, the CRISPR locus is transcribed and the processed RNA assembles into ribonucleoprotein complex with Cas proteins. The complex then targets the invader DNAs guided by the resulting RNA through base pair complementarity. Consequently, the targeted DNA is degraded by certain Cas protein（s） in the complex. In addition, a novel genomic editing technology based on the Cas9 has been developed and proved to be much efficient in gene targeting in various cells.

关 键 词：CRISPR CAS 免疫 噬菌体 基因组编辑 Cas9 

分 类 号：Q933[生物学—微生物学]