不同海拔油松和华山松林乔木层生物量与蓄积量的动态变化  

Dynamic changes in biomass and volume of the tree layer of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus armandi forests at different altitudes

作　　者：杨凤萍[1] 胡兆永 张硕新[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西秦岭森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,陕西宁陕711600

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第3期68-76,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项(201004036)

摘　　要：【目的】探索秦岭火地塘林区不同海拔油松和华山松林林分生长变化趋势,为森林经营措施的制定提供理论依据。【方法】通过树木年轮学的方法,运用已有的生物量和材积回归方程,反演出1977-2011年秦岭火地塘林区不同海拔油松和华山松林乔木层生物量、生产力和蓄积量的动态变化特征。【结果】35年间不同海拔油松和华山松林乔木层生物量和蓄积量均增长迅速,且油松的增速一直快于华山松;油松林的生物量和蓄积量在海拔1 550~1 650m最大,生物量从1977年的44.40t/hm2增长到2011年的214.67t/hm2,蓄积量从54.98m3/hm2增长到237.50m3/hm2;华山松林的生物量和蓄积量在海拔1 850~2 000m最大,生物量从1977年的16.74t/hm2增长到2011年的182.75t/hm2,蓄积量从25.20m3/hm2增长到225.14m3/hm2;2种森林类型的生产力均随林龄的增大波动上升,在2001年左右达到最大值,随后生产力呈现下降趋势,同一树种不同海拔生产力波动趋势较一致。【结论】环境差异、人为干扰是造成不同海拔间林分生物量、蓄积量产生差异的主要因素;生物学特性和林分环境的共同作用导致了不同森林类型生物量和蓄积量的差异;不同海拔间生产力波动变化的一致性,在一定程度上反映了树木生长对气候因子的响应。[Objective] This study aimed to explore the development patterns of forest stand at Huodi- tang forest region in the Qinling Mountains and to improve the establishment of forest management meas- ures. [Method] Based on the dendrochronological method, dynamic changes in biomass, volume and produc- tivity of the tree layer of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus armandi forests at different altitudes from 1977 to 2011 were calculated using regression equations at Huoditang forest region in the Qinling Mountains. [Re- sult] The amounts of biomass and volume of the tree layer in P. tabulaeformis and P. armandi forests at all altitudes increased dramatically in the past 35 years. And the increase in P. tabulaeformis was faster than in P. armandi. At the altitudinal gradient from 1 550 m to 1 650 m,the amounts of biomass and vol- ume in P. tabulaeformis forests remained the highest, increased {rom 44.40 t/hm2 and 54.98 m3/hm2 in 1977 to 214.67 t/hm~ and 237.50 m3/hm2 in 2011 ,respectively. The highest amounts of biomass and vol- ume of P. armandi forests appeared at the height of 1 850 m to 2 000 m,increased from 16.74 t/hm2 and 25.20 m3/hm2 in 1977 to 182.75 t/hm2 and 225.14 ma/hm2 in 2011 ,respectively. The productivity of two forest types increased with stand age and both reached the highest levels around the year 2001. After that, a downward trend was observed. [Conclusion] Environmental differences among altitudes and human dis- turbances were the main factors leading to variations in stand biomass and volume. The differences in bio- mass and volume variations between the two forest types were due to biological characteristics of tree spe- cies and stand environment. Consistent dynamic changes were observed in the productivities of the same tree species along different altitudinal gradients may partly reflect the responses of forest growth to annual variations of climatic factors.

关 键 词：秦岭火地塘林区 油松 华山松 海拔 生物量 蓄积量 生产力 树木年轮 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]