大蒜不同品种及套播期对大棚基质栽培番茄和大蒜生长的影响  

Effects of garlic varieties and intercropping dates on growth of garlic and tomato cultivated in substrate under plastic tunnel

作　　者：刘同金[1] 程智慧[1] 孟焕文[1] 赵慧玲[1] Imran Ahmad 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第3期197-205,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171949);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903018-7)

摘　　要：【目的】了解不同品种和套播期的大蒜与基质栽培番茄套作对大蒜及番茄生长的影响,为番茄/大蒜基质栽培高效模式的建立提供技术支撑。【方法】‘迪芬尼’番茄于2011-07-31定植(秋茬),在其生长期间选用极早熟、早熟、中晚熟大蒜品种G110、G026和G064进行套播,设3个套播期,即S1(09-01)、S2(09-21)、S3(10-11),秋茬番茄收获后于2012-03-30定植春茬番茄,测定大蒜和春茬番茄的生长指标及大蒜的二次生长率、独头率。【结果】大蒜品种间株高、假茎高、假茎粗、最大绿叶长、叶宽、绿叶数均为G064>G026>G110。大蒜不同套播期对绿体株高的影响在生育前期大,后期小;G064和G026的假茎高和假茎粗在整个生育期持续增加,而G110在生育后期出现下降趋势;G026的最大绿叶长在整个生育期持续缓慢增加,G064则是先增加后降低再迅速增加,G110表现为先增加后降低;不同套播期对G064的叶宽和绿叶数影响较小;G026的二次生长率显著大于G064,而G110未出现二次生长;G110的独头率显著大于G026,而G064未出现独头蒜。与G064套作显著降低了番茄在生长后期的株高、茎粗和春茬番茄产量,与G026和G110套作对春茬番茄产量未产生显著影响。【结论】套播期对不同品种大蒜有较大影响,套播过早或过晚均不利于大蒜生长;同一品种大蒜不同套播期对春茬番茄影响不显著,但G064显著影响了春茬番茄生长,因此该套作模式不宜选用中晚熟大蒜品种。[Objective] This study aimed to assess the effects of garlic varieties and different intercrop- ping dates on growth of garlic and tomato intercropped in substrate under plastic tunnel. [Method] An ex- periment was conducted with split plot design at the experimental research station of Northwest A^F Uni- versity. Autumn ＂Difenni＂ tomato was planted on July 31,2011 ,and three garlic varieties （very early matu- ring Gl10, early maturing G026,and late maturing G064） were intercropped at different dates （$1 Septem- ber 1,$2 September 21, and $3 October 11） during the growth of tomato. Spring tomato was planted in March 30,2012. Growth indexes of garlic and spring tomato, and secondary growth rate and single-clove bulb rate of garlic were measured. [Result] G064 had the largest plant height,pseudo stem height and di- ameter,maximum green leaf length and width, and green leaf number,followed by G026 and Gl10. The in-fluence of different intercropping dates on height of survival garlic plants at early stage was bigger than lat- er stage. Pseudo stem heights and diameters of G026 and G064 increased gradually during the whole growth period,while that of Gll0 decreased at the later stage. Intercropping dates did not significantly affect the green leaf length and number of G064. The secondary growth rate of G026 was higher than that of G064 and Gl10. The single-clove bulb rates of Gll0 were over 90~//00 ,larger than G026 and G064. Intercropping showed significant effects on spring tomato and intercropping with G064 significantly decreased the plant height,stem diameter and yield of tomato. [Conclusion] Intercropping dates had significant effect on the growth of different garlic cultivars and intercropping with G064 significantly decreased the growth and pro- duction of spring tomato. Therefore,late maturing garlic cultivars should be avoided for the tomato/garlic intercropping in organic suhstrate under plastic tunnel.

关 键 词：番茄 大蒜 套作 基质 套播期 

分 类 号：S633.404.6[农业科学—蔬菜学] S344.3[农业科学—园艺学]