清代广州对外贸易中的引航制度  

The Pilotage Institution of Guangzhou's Foreign Trade in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学科学史与科学文化研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2014年第3期31-38,共8页History Teaching

摘　　要：1730—1740年代,广州对外贸易中的引航制度逐步建立。外洋引水和内河引水在政府规定的水域为外国商船引航,并负有洋船盘查和贸易管制的职责,是维护广州贸易秩序的重要环节。1800年代,英国东印度公司完成了广东沿海的水道测绘,至此外国商船可以自由进出珠江口。鸦片战争期间,蒸汽机船克服了珠江沙淤水浅的环境,并勘探了广州一带的河道。外洋引水和内河引水相继丧失了在对外贸易管理中的作用。The pilotage institution in foreign trade management was built up during 1730s and 1740s. Outside pilot and river pilot were piloted for foreign ships within the prescribed sea area of the government regulations. In addation, they share responsibility for inspection of vessels and trade restriction and then become a key line in keeping order the Canton trade. In 1800s, The British East India Company has finished hydrographic surveys in the Pearl River estuary. The foreign ships no longer needed outside pilot bound for the Pearl River. After the breakout of the Opium War. The arrived of steamship has overcome the channel has been finished. management. The outside pilot and Pearl River channel and the survey of the river pilot gradual loss of the role in trade

关 键 词：引航制度 引水人 广州贸易 对外贸易管理 

分 类 号：F752.9[经济管理—国际贸易] K249[经济管理—产业经济]