不同土壤含水量对柠檬果实生长和产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Water Contents on Fruit Growth,Yield and Quality of Lemon

作　　者：杨恩聪[1] 刘红明[1] 李进学[1] 龙春瑞[1] 段惠芬[1] 李晶[1] 高俊燕[1] 岳建强[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所,云南保山678000

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2014年第1期52-56,共5页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业(柑橘)产业技术体系柠檬综合试验站建设专项(CARS-27);德宏州科技创新计划项目(2013-12);云南省科技厅省院省校合作计划--邓秀新院士工作站建设项目(20121B018)

摘　　要：以盛果期的柠檬树为试材，研究在柠檬果实生长的不同时期，土壤含水量对柠檬果实生长、果形、产量及品质的影响。结果表明：随土壤含水量增加，柠檬果实纵径和横径均递增，土壤水分减少对柠檬果实纵径生长限制大于横径，在果实生长的最后阶段（135～165 d ）， T 2、 T 3处理纵径与果形指数显著正相关；不同水分处理对柠檬平均单果质量和产量影响较大，平均产量最高的为 T3处理，达48708.20 kg · hm ^-2，最低的是T1处理（32815.20 kg · hm ^-2）。产值最高的也是 T3处理，为195000元· hm ^-2，是产值最低T1处理的2.13倍。土壤含水量过高（T 3处理）出汁率、V c含量以及可溶性固形物含量反而降低。为获得最佳的种植效益和较好的果实品质，应在柠檬果实生长的前期、中期使土壤含水量保持在80％～85％（T 3处理），而在果实成熟期，土壤含水量保持在70％～75％较好。The lemon tree at prosperous fruit stage was used as material to study fruit growth ,yield and quality during the growing process of lemon under different soil water treatments .The results showed that different soil moisture had significant effects on lemon fruit .Both the fruit longitudinal diameter and the fruit transverse diameter were increased when the water content in the soil increasing ,and the increment of fruit transverse diameter was higher than that of fruit longitudinal diameter . The longitudinal diameter of T2 and T3 had significantly positive relations with fruit shape index in the last stage （135 -165 d） of fruits .Different water treatments had significant effects on single fruit weight and yield ,and T3 had the highest yield （48 708.20 kg · hm ^-2 ） ,and T1 treatment （32 815.20 kg·hm ^-2 ）was the lowest .The highest economic benefit of lemon fruit was T 3 （195 000 yuan·hm ^-2 ） , which was 2.13 times of T1 ,the lowest one .On the contrary , high soil moisture （T3） had low juice yield ,Vc content and soluble solids .Moderate soil moisture （T2） was suggested to be the most beneficial for the fruit growth and high yield of lemon .The optimized lemon fruit yield ,quality were achieved at SWC 80% -85% at the beginning and middle stage of fruit growth ,and SWC 70% -75% in the fruit maturation period .

关 键 词：土壤水分 柠檬 果形指数 产量 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学]