族际职业地位分层及其决定因素——西部地区回族与汉族的比较研究  

The Ethnic Stratification in Occupation and Its Determinants:A Comparative Study on Hui Muslim and Han Chinese in Western China

作　　者：马忠才[1] 赫剑梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学民族学与社会学学院

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2014年第2期116-125,128,共10页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"西北民族地区的社会分化与和谐发展研究"(项目编号:08xmz011)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：文章利用2004与2010两次西部调查数据，分析了转型期不同；民族间的职业地位分层及其决定因素。从职业地位分布的角度看，各民族人口的职业地位总体上呈逐年提升趋势。相对而言，由于历史原因汉族人口的职业地位仍保持一定优势，但与少数民族差距不大，且有缩小之势。从职业地位获得的角度看，党政机关和事业单位的职业获得主要取决于人力资本，回族和汉族机会均等；回族在个体经营中具有相对优势；国有、私营企业的职业获得，汉族略有优势。从2004-2010年的变化趋势看，族际净差异趋于消弭，职业分层的决定因素越来越取决于人力资本、户籍等非民族性因素。The paper analyses occupational status between different ethnic groups in the transition period and its determinants by using the 2004 and 2010 surveys conducted in western China.The results find that,in general,the occupational status of ethnic groups has showed a trend of betterment year by year,and in relative terms,Han Chinese in occupational status still have certain advantage because of historical reasons but this gap is not big and tends to close.Jobs from the party and government organisations and public institutions depend heavily on human capital so that there are the same job opportunities for Hui and Han.On the other hand,Hui has a comparative advantage on individual businesses.Han has more job opportunities than Hui in state-owned or private-owned enterprises.According to the change of trend from 2004 to 2010,the net differences among the ethnic groups tend to eliminate.The determinants of the ethnic stratification are more and more shifting to the non-ethnic factors such as human capital and household register.

关 键 词：市场转型 职业地位 民族分层 民族政策 

分 类 号：D633[政治法律—政治学]