梯级大坝溃决洪水渐进增强机制数值模拟  

Numerical simulation of flood reinforcement due to cascade dam break

作　　者：黄卫[1] 曹志先[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（工学版）》2014年第2期160-164,共5页Engineering Journal of Wuhan University

基　　金：国家973计划项目(编号:2007CB714106);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:50739002)

摘　　要：采用一维浅水动力学模型进行梯级大坝溃决洪水的模拟.首先通过水槽实验对模型进行检验,然后将其应用于系列梯级大坝溃决洪水工况的数值模拟.系统考虑了坝高和坝间距对梯级大坝溃决洪水的影响.计算结果表明梯级大坝溃决洪水与单个坝溃决洪水相比,峰值水位显著增加或到达下游断面时间显著提前或两者都有,即显示梯级大坝溃决洪水渐进增强机制.坝高和坝间距会改变溃坝洪水的流量(水位)峰值或传播时间,但不会改变梯级大坝溃决洪水渐进增强机制.研究结果为流域防洪管理和梯级大坝防洪设计提供了理论依据.One-dimensional shallow water hydrodynamic model is applied to simulate the flood due to cascade dam break. The model is firstly validated against a flume experiment and then is employed to simulate serial cases of floods induced by cascade dam break. The effects of dam height and dam-to-dam space on the flood are also investigated. The flood reinforcement mechanism is revealed, that is, the flood induced by the cascade dam-break featuring a higher peak discharge （stage） and/or advanced timing at the cross- sections downstream of the second dam compared to that induced by single dam break. The dam height and dam-to-dam space may modify the flood, but the flood reinforcement remains. The results provide a theoretical foundation for flood control management and flood control design of cascade dams.

关 键 词：梯级大坝溃决洪水 渐进增强机制 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TV122[水利工程—水文学及水资源]