泥沙粒径与含沙量对迷宫流道滴头堵塞的影响  

Influence of particle size and concentration of sediment on clogging of labyrinth channels emitters

作　　者：吴泽广[1] 张子卓[1] 张珂萌 罗春艳[1] 牛文全[1,2] 喻黎明[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [3]长沙理工大学水利工程学院,长沙410114

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第7期99-108,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术发展计划(863计划)课题(2011AA100507);自然科学基金项目(51379024)

摘　　要：为探明泥沙粒径与含沙量对内镶片式斜齿形迷宫流道滴头的堵塞过程和原因，采用筛分法，分选出6个小于0.1 mm的粒径段，配制成不同含沙量的浑水，在恒压条件下，采用周期性间歇灌水试验观测流量变化，通过电镜扫描法观测堵塞泥沙结构。试验结果表明：粒径为0.075≤D〈0.1 mm和0.03≤D〈0.038 mm的泥沙易引起滴头堵塞；粒径为0.038≤D〈0.05和 D〈0.02 mm 的泥沙较难引起堵塞，且含沙量变化对堵塞的影响较小；粒径0.02≤D〈0.03 mm和0.05≤D〈0.075 mm的堵塞情况介于上述两者之间。当含沙量为〉1.2-1.3 g/L时，是最易引起堵塞的临界含沙量。当0.038≤D〈0.1 mm时，泥沙在流道内不易形成团聚体，造成滴头堵塞的原因是泥沙沉降、堆积；当D〈0.038 mm时，泥沙易在流道中凝结成大的团聚体，是造成滴头堵塞的主要原因。Drip irrigation technology is widely used due to its advantages including high efficiency water saving, ability to adapt to the terrain and so on, but the problem of emitter clogging has been always a baffled to researchers. Emitter clogging basically has three classes, respectively is physical clogging, chemical clogging and biological clogging, of which the most common is physical clogging and it is represented by sediment clogging. Studies show that even if the irrigation water after precipitation filtration, there is still have particle size of sediment particles which are less than 0.1mm get into the emitters causing emitter clogging. However, previous studies on this problem multi-use of computer simulation method to research the influence of emitter anti-clogging by emitter structures, test verification is relatively rare and most studies only from a macro perspective to observe emitters clogging, no in-depth study on the clogging mechanism. In addition, the previous researches presents the sediment particle size range which are easily lead to cause emitters clogging need further verification, sediment concentration corresponding in different size which are easily to cause emitters clogging needs to be studied in-depth. So in order to investigate the influence of sediment particle size and sediment concentration on the clogging processes of labyrinth channels emitters, periodic intermittent drip irrigation experiments were carried out using muddy water containing particles with 6 different particle ranges （all less than 0.1 mm） which were screened by means of sieving method, each particle size range of sediment are formulated to 0.5,1.0,1.5 g/L of muddy water. Each irrigation time is 30min as same as the test interval, emitters flow collect real-time and replace new pipes after the end of each group of treatment. In these experiments, the changes of flow discharges were measured under a constant pressure and after the end of the trial clogging emitters are cut to dried in the natural state, then collec

关 键 词：粒径 泥沙 灌溉 含沙量 迷宫流道 滴头 堵塞 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]