“科学”还是“非科学”——被误读的中国传统舆图  

“Science” or “Non-science”: the Misunderstood Chinese Traditional Maps

作　　者：成一农[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院历史研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2014年第2期20-27,共8页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

摘　　要：无论近现代地图还是古代地图都不是对地球面貌的客观再现,而是对现实世界的主观认识和主观表达。民国以来对于中国传统舆图的研究并未意识到这一点,因而将研究的视角和内容大多聚焦于地图的绘制方法。受到民国以来社会环境和学术思潮的影响,以往对于中国传统舆图绘制方法的研究多集中于分析舆图绘制中蕴含的"科学",认为"科学"是世界所有文化中地图绘制所共同追求的目标,是"好"的。事实上中国传统舆图的主流是"非科学"的,同时"科学"本身是中性的,其价值判断主要基于社会文化等因素,且历史的发展具有多元性,研究时应当具有同情的眼光。Neither a modem map nor an ancient map is the objective reflection of the whole features of the earth. It is rather the subjective cognition and presentation of the real world. However, from the period of the Republic of China, re- searchers of the ancient maps did not realize that. Instead they focused their research area and content only on the drawing method of maps. Influenced by the social environment the academic trend after the Republic of China, the researchers of the drawing method of ancient maps mainly focused on ＂science＂ in the analysis of the maps and thought only ＂science＂ is ＂right＂ and it is also the common aim in the study of map drawing of all cultures around the world. But, in fact, the main stream of ancient Chinese maps is ＂non-scientific＂, and ＂science＂ itself is neutral, so the value judgment of it is based on the social and cultural factors. Moreover,we also need to concern about the pluralism of history. Therefore, the research of maps should also fully consider the cultural context and background of the time.

关 键 词：科学主义 李约瑟难题 传统舆图 地图学 线性历史观 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]