暗棕壤坡耕地水保耕作保水保土效益分析  

Benefit Analysis of Soil and Water Conversation on Dark Brown Soil Sloping Farmland Under Different Tillage Systems

作　　者：许晓鸿[1] 任丽 崔斌[1] 张瑜[1] 王永丰[1] 隋媛媛[1] 崔海锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省水土保持科学研究院,吉林长春130033 [2]吉林省墒情监测中心,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2014年第1期54-57,共4页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水利部科技推广计划项目"黑土区坡耕地水土流失治理技术的推广应用"(TG1140);吉林省科技发展计划项目"东北黑土区坡耕地侵蚀沟道治理模式研究"(20120409)

摘　　要：结合东北黑土区坡耕地实际利用情况,以不改变原坡面参数为前提,在天然降雨条件下,对5°和8°坡耕地3种不同耕作方式下的径流量和产沙量进行了观测,并分析了暗棕壤坡耕地不同坡度下不同耕作方式的保水保土效益及其产流主导因子。结果表明:(1)不同耕作措施对地表径流量影响差别很大,表现为8°横垄玉米>8°横垄玉米+秸秆还田>5°横垄玉米>5°横垄玉米+秸秆还田>8°横垄玉米+秸秆还田+地埂植物带>5°横垄玉米+秸秆还田+地埂植物带。(2)不同小区的产沙量与产流量变化趋势较为一致,即产流量越大,产沙量越大,但二者并不呈线性关系。(3)8°横垄玉米小区最易产流,而产流与否可根据I30进行判断,当I30≥6mm/30min时,产流的概率达到了91%,产流时的最小降雨量为6mm。(4)8°和5°横垄玉米+秸秆还田+地埂植物带小区的产流与否受降雨强度的影响远大于受降雨量的影响。Combined with the actual utilization of sloping farmland in the black soil area of Northeast China, surface runoff and soil loss from natural slope under natural rainfall condition were monitored and the benefits of soil and water conservation and their dominant driving factors were analyzed for three different soil tillage systems on 5° and 8° sloping farmlands of dark brown soil. Results showed that. （i） Surface runoff was greatly affected by soil tillage systems in corn field. These tillage systems were in the order of 8° ridged cross slope〉8° ridged cross slope with straw returning〉5° ridged cross slope〉5° ridged cross slope with straw returning〉8° ridged cross slope with straw returning and field bund with plants〉5° ridged cross slope with straw returning and field bund with plants. （2） The trends of runoff and sediment from different plots were similar, i. e. , the more runoff, the larger sediment, but no line relationship appeared. （3） The largest runoff was found in the plot of 8° ridged cross slope. 130 could be used to determine whether surface runoff occurred or not. There was 91% probability of runoff yielding when I30≥6 mm/30 min, and the minimum rainfall for runoff yielding was 6 mm. （4） Rainfall intensity, not rainfall amount, greatly affected whether or not runoff occurred in the two plots of 8° and 5° ridged cross slope with straw returning and field bund with plants.

关 键 词：坡耕地 径流量 地埂植物带 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]