基于GIS的高原植被空间格局与地形因子相关关系研究  

A Study of Relationship Between Spatial Vegetation Pattern and Terrain Factors Based on GIS Techniques

作　　者：瓮耐义 刘康[1] 王纪伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学系,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2014年第1期232-236,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

摘　　要：以青海省境内黄河上游茨哈峡为例，运用GIS空间分析方法，对该地区的地形因子（高程、坡度和坡向）进行提取，并与植被类型图进行叠加，运用多样性指数、均匀度等植被指数分析该区植被空间分布格局与地形因子的关系，研究了植被指数随地形的变化趋势。结果表明，植被空间分布与地形因子关系密切，亚高山暗针叶林最优生长区间为海拔3290-3880m，坡度25°～45°的阴坡；山地圆柏林则适宜生长在同样坡度，海拔3880-4470m的阳坡；针阔混交林、高山落叶阔叶林最优生长区间分别为15°～25°，2700～3290m的阴坡和2995-3290m的（半）阴坡；高寒灌丛和高寒草原在各坡度和坡向分布范围都比较广。Taking Ciha Gorge as the research area and using GIS, the terrain factors such as altitude, slope, and aspect were extracted and overlaid with vegetation type map. Combined with indicators of diversity index （H）, evenness（E） and others, the relationships between the spatial pattern of vegetation and the terrain factors were explored. Results showed that spatial vegetation pattern had a close relationship with terrain factors. The optimal growth range for subalpine dark coniferous forest on shady slope was in 3 290-3 880 m altitudes and 25°-45° slope degrees; for mountain Sabina chinensis forest on sunny slope, 3 880-4 470 m, the same slope degrees as on shady slope; and for coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and alpine deciduous broad-leaf forest, 2 700-3 290 m, 15°-25° on shady slope and 2 995-3 290 m on semi-shady slope, respectively. Alpine shrub and grassland had a relatively wide distribution in terms of slope degree and slope aspect.

关 键 词：植被类型 地形因子 空间格局 植被指数 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]